Howdy,
I had the same problem and contacted 3M. I actually spoke directly with the chemist in charge of product development. The black stuff is carbon black (call it graphite if you want). It is a residue from the manufacturing process (used as black pigment), and you will not be able to remove it all. I rinsed mine for at least a couple of hours, but at the end, my hand still turned (but less) black.
Carbon is inert, some even add it in their filters. Once its adsorption capacity is depleted, it will simply be an inert material in your tank. It will not affect water chemistry nor fish. I do not have practical experience with rays in black colorquartz, though. I would assume it might coat them at the beginning, and they may shed more of their slime coat. Other bottom dwellers and fish should be just fine.
HarleyK