Loricariidae Species Identification

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davo

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Jan 9, 2006
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PLECO?
At some point, fish exporters started attributing the pleco name to other Loricariids. Since plecos were so popular this makes perfect sense because the exporters had to call the fish something that importers would associate with a popular fish and buy. The name stuck and so all Loricariids are now called plecos even though there is only currently one single fish that is correctly a pleco, Hypostomus plecostomus. In fact, pleco is now more widely used by hobbyists than Loricariid - the proper name.

THE L NUMBER
The "L Number" system began when two German magazines began featuring newly discovered Loricariids in their magazines. Since these species were not yet described to science, the magazines began assigning them "L numbers". The German magazine "DATZ" (Die Aquarien und Terrarienzeitschrift) started with the designation L1 for the Loricariid which has now been described as Glyptopterichthys joselimaianus. So now L1 is retired. Another German magazine "Das Aquarium", also began to run a similar feature in its magazine and labeled the fishes as LDA followed by a number. At the time of writing, the DATZ L system is somewhere above L370 and the LDA system is above LDA 70 - neither show signs of slowing. This numbering system has caught on and new species of Corydoras are now being assigned "C Numbers".

GENERAL

Most “plecos” need a very good filtration due to them producing a lot of waste, they need lots of hiding places, and also a well oxygenated tank. Some also need a decent current (or are at least happier with). Also sandy or small pea-shaped gravel with groups of rounded stones are a good bottom substrate, nothing sharp. The majority of plecos are not good algae removers, so be careful if selecting simply for this affect.

BASIC WATER PARAMETERS
These are the basic water parameters, unless otherwise posted.

pH: 6.5-7.2
Temperature: 72-80dF

REFERENCES
Aqualog: All the L numbers
www.planetcatfish.com

 

WyldFya

Baryancistrus demantoides
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Dec 23, 2005
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[post=751138]L001-L005[/post], [post=751409]L006-L010a[/post], [post=751721]L011-L015[/post], [post=755883]L016-L020[/post], [post=779113]L021-L025[/post], [post=779117]L026-L030[/post], [post=888587]L031-L035[/post], [post=889449]L036-L040[/post], [post=891925]L041-L045[/post], [post=891931]L046-L050[/post], [post=891934]L051-L055[/post], [post=891937]L056-L060[/post], [post=942716]L061-L065[/post], [post=942718]L066-L070[/post], [post=942720]L071-L075[/post], [post=942721]L076-L080[/post], [post=942733]L081-L085[/post], [post=942736]L086-L090[/post], [post=942729]L091-L095[/post], [post=942732]L096-L100[/post], [post=907857]L101-L105[/post], [post=907858]L106-L110[/post], [post=907859]L111-L115[/post], [post=907861]L116-L120[/post], [post=907862]L121-L125[/post], [post=907864]L126-L130[/post], [post=907866]L131-L135[/post], [post=907867]L136-L140[/post], [post=907870]L141-L145[/post], [post=907871]L146-L150[/post], [post=907872]L151-L155[/post], [post=907876]L156-L160[/post], [post=907882]L161-L165[/post], [post=907883]L166-L170[/post], [post=907884]L171-L175[/post], [post=907885]L176-L180[/post], [post=907886]L181-L185[/post], [post=907887]L186-L190[/post], [post=907893]L191-L195[/post], [post=907897]L196-L199[/post], [post=907898]L200-L205[/post], [post=907899]L206-L210[/post], [post=907900]L211-L215[/post], [post=907901]L216-L220[/post], [post=907904]L221-L225[/post], [post=907906]L226-L230[/post], [post=907907]L231-L235[/post], [post=907908]L236-L240[/post], [post=907910]L241-L245[/post], [post=907911]L246-L250[/post], [post=907912]L251-L255[/post], [post=907913]L256-L259[/post], [post=907917]L260-L265[/post], [post=907918]L266-L270[/post], [post=907919]L271-L275[/post], [post=907920]L276-L280[/post], [post=907921]L281-L285[/post], [post=907922]L286-L290[/post], [post=907923]L291-L295[/post], [post=907925]L296-L300[/post], [post=907928]L301-L305[/post], [post=907929]L306-L310[/post], [post=907930]L311-L315[/post], [post=907933]L316-L320[/post], [post=907934]L321-L325[/post], [post=907935]L326-L330[/post], [post=907936]L331-L335[/post], [post=907937]L336-L340[/post], [post=907938]L341-L345[/post], [post=907940]L346-L350[/post], [post=907943]L351-L355[/post], [post=907944]L356-L360[/post], [post=907945]L361-L365[/post], [post=907946]L366-L370[/post], [post=907947]L371-L375[/post], [post=907948]L376-L380[/post], [post=907952]L381-L385[/post], [post=907954]L386-L390[/post], [post=907956]L391-L395[/post], [post=907958]L396-L400[/post], [post=907959]L600[/post], [post=907977]LDA01-LDA05[/post], [post=907978]LDA06-LDA10[/post], [post=907980]LDA11-LDA15[/post], [post=907983]LDA16-LDA20[/post], [post=907985]LDA21-LDA25[/post], [post=907986]LDA26-LDA30[/post], [post=907988]LDA31-LDA35[/post], [post=907989]LDA36-LDA40[/post], [post=907991]LDA41-LDA45[/post], [post=907992]LDA46-LDA50[/post], [post=907995]LDA51-LDA55[/post], [post=907997]LDA56-LDA60[/post], [post=907998]LDA61-LDA65[/post], [post=908000]LDA66-LDA70[/post], [post=908005]LDA71-LDA76[/post]
 

WyldFya

Baryancistrus demantoides
MFK Member
Dec 23, 2005
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L001 -- Glyptoperichthys joselimaianus
Common name(s):
Sailfin pleco, gold spot pleco, L001
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily vegetable matter. As they grow more meaty foods should be made available.
Max Size: 30 cm, or 12"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Cave spawners. G. joselimaianus needs large spaces to breed in.
Notes: Often sold as a common pleco.

L002 -- Panaque sp.
Common name(s):
Tiger pleco, L002
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet:
Vegetation, and some meat.
Max Size: 12 cm, or 5"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins near Cameta
Spawning: Cave spawner.
Notes:

L003 -- Baryancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
L003
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Needs both vegetable and meat.
Max Size: 25 cm, or 10"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins near Cameta
Spawning: Cave spawner.
Notes:

L004 --
Hypancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
Angelicus Pleco, peckoltia angelicus, L004, L005, L028, L073
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily carnivorous.
Max Size: 25 cm, or 10"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins near Cameta
Spawning: Cave Spawner
Notes:

L005 -- Hypancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
Angelicus Pleco, peckoltia angelicus, L004, L005, L028, L073
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily carnivorous.
Max Size: 25 cm, or 10"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins near Cameta
Spawning: Cave Spawner
Notes:
 

WyldFya

Baryancistrus demantoides
MFK Member
Dec 23, 2005
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L006 -- Peckoltia oligospila
Common name(s):
Brown spot peckoltia, L006
Synonyms: Chaetostoma oligospila
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore. Prefers meat.
Max Size: 12 cm, or 5"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Guama near Ourem
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes:

L007 -- Leporacanthicus Galaxias
Common name(s):
Tooth nose, Vampire pleco, Galaxy pleco, Tusken pleco, L007, L029
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care:
None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 25 cm, or 10"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Guama near Ourem
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Contrary to the name, this pleco does need quite a bit of vegetation.

L008 -- Peckoltia sp.
Common name(s):
Leopard peckoltia, L008
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, preferring meats
Max Size: 10 cm, or 4"
Locality: Brazil: Rio do Para near Oeiras do Para
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes:

L009 -- Peckoltia arenaria
Common name(s):
Smokey pleco, L009
Synonyms: Hemiancistrus arenaria
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency towards meaty foods.
Max Size: 13 cm, or 4.5"
Locality: Brazil: Rio do Para near Oeiras do Para
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes:

L010 -- Loricaria lata
Common name(s):
Whiptail catfish, whiptail pleco, L010
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency towards vegetation.
Max Size: 16 cm, or 6"
Locality: Brazil: Upper Rio Xingu
Spawning: Mouth brooder
Notes:

L010a -- Hemiloricaria sp.
Common name(s):
Red lizard whiptail, red lizard pleco, L010a
Synonyms: rhinoloricaria sp.
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 11 cm, 4"
Locality:
Spawning: Not known, thought to be mouth brooders.
Notes: Very little is known about this species.
 

davo

Aimara
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Jan 9, 2006
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L011 -- Squaliforma cf. emarginata
Common name(s):
Red fin thresher, thresher pleco, L011, L035, L116, L131, L153
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency towards vegetation
Max Size: 20 cm, 8"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Will eat algae, and should be offered wood, but is not required.

L012 -- Hemiancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
L012, L013, L036
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency towards meat
Max Size: 20 cm, 8"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Will eat algae, and should be offered wood, but is not required.

L013 -- Hemiancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
L013, L012, L036
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency towards meat
Max Size: 20 cm, 8"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Will eat algae and should be offered wood, but is not required.

L014 -- Scobinancistrus aureatus
Common name(s):
Goldie pleco, sunshine pleco, L014
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Carnivore
Max Size: 45 cm, 18"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Can be aggressive towards other loricariids.

L015 -- Peckoltia vittata
Common name(s):
Candystripe pleco, L015
Synonyms: Chaetostomus vittatus
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency towards meat
Max Size: 14 cm, 6"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes:
 

davo

Aimara
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Jan 9, 2006
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L016 -- Oligancistrus punctatissimus
Common name(s):
L016
Synonyms: Parancistrus punctatissimus, chaetostomus punctatissimus
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 15 cm, 6"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Algae eater, and should be offered wood, but is not required. See LDA14. Adults can have more spots that are much smaller.

L017 -- Hopliancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
L017, L067
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 20 cm, 8"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Algae eater, and should be offered wood, but is not required.

L018 -- Baryancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
Gold nugget pleco, L018
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, tendency toward meat
Max Size: 30 cm, 12"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes:

L019 -- Baryancistrus sp.
Common name(s): L019
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 30 cm, 12"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Algae eater, and should have wood, but is not required.

L020 -- Oligancistrus sp.
Common name(s):
L020
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 30 cm, 12"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu near Altamira
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Algae eater, and should have wood, but is not required.
 

WyldFya

Baryancistrus demantoides
MFK Member
Dec 23, 2005
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L021 -- Pterygoplichthys pardalis
Common name(s): Common pleco, L021, L023
Synonyms: Liposarcus pardalis, Hypostomus pardalis, L. jeanesianus...
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivorous, when younger taking mostly veggie foods as well as protein based. When matures, the meaty foods should be more available.
Max Size: 19"
Locality: Throughout Amazonia (also established in many areas of the US as a invasive species)
Spawning: Commercially bred in aqua-farms on large scale
Notes: Often sold as a common pleco, and there are many common hybrids of this species.

L022 -- Glyptoperichthys joselimaianus
Common name(s): Sailfin pleco, gold spot pleco, L001, L022
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily vegetable matter. As they grow more meaty foods should be made available.
Max Size: 30 cm, or 12"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Cave spawners. G. joselimaianus needs large spaces to breed in.
Notes: Often sold as a common pleco.

L023 -- Pterygoplichthys pardalis
Common name(s): Common pleco, L021, L023
Synonyms: Liposarcus pardalis, Hypostomus pardalis, L. jeanesianus...
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivorous, when younger taking mostly veggie foods as well as protein based. When matures, the meaty foods should be more available.
Max Size: 19"
Locality: Throughout Amazonia (also established in many areas of the US as a invasive species)
Spawning: Commercially bred in aqua-farms on large scale
Notes: Often sold as a common pleco, and there are many common hybrids of this species.

L024 -- Pseudacanthicus sp.
Common name(s): Flame Pleco, Red Fin Cactus Pleco, L024
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily carnivore, consisting of meaty foods. Vegetables to be offered to provide balanced diet.
Max Size: 15"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Cave spawner, difficult in captivity due to space needed.
Notes: Can be very territorial and sometimes aggressive towards conspecifics and other Loricariidae, especially as they age (although more a male trait). Often confused with L025 (below), however can be told apart by size but more easily, colour.

L025 -- Pseudacanthicus sp.
Common name(s): Scarlet pleco, L025
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Mainly a carnivore based diet, with some vegetables to provide balance.
Max Size: 18"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu
Spawning: Cave spawner, difficult in captivity due to space needed.
Notes: Often confused with the above (L24). Again can be very territorial and agressive to other Loricariidae and other bottom dwellers. There is a 'Sao Felix Scarlet' which is prized for the more vibrant colour red that this locale is associated.
 

WyldFya

Baryancistrus demantoides
MFK Member
Dec 23, 2005
20,791
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132
Moscow, ID
L026 -- Baryancistrus niveatus
Common name(s): L026
Synonyms: Hypostomus niveatus, Parancistrus niveatus
Special Water Care: None
Diet: A deeper water pleco that sifts through the organic biofilm, in such of protein. Will eat mainly protein foods, high protein/fibre is best. Vegetables should also be offered. Worms, molluscs, larvae and peas are among favourites.
Max Size: 12"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Not reported, likely cave spawner.
Notes: Niveatus= white spotted.

L027 -- Panaque nigrolineatus
Common name(s): Royal pleco, L027
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily high roughage vegetables (potatoes etc.), wood and occasional protein foods.
Max Size: 17"
Locality: Amazonia (including Xingu, Tocantins, Tapajos, Araguaya)
Spawning: Not reported
Notes: Wood is important, for cellulose, roughage and debatedly lignin and needs it to survive. Bogwoods are therefore a must when keeping panaque species. There are many different forms, P. cf. nigrolineatus including the goldline, platinum, watermelon, red-fin/longnosed, olive, which are found in different locales, and have difference in markings and colours.

L028 -- Hypancistrus sp.
Common name(s): Angelicus Pleco, peckoltia angelicus, L004, L005, L028, L073
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Primarily carnivorous.
Max Size: 25 cm, or 10"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins near Cameta
Spawning: Cave Spawner
Notes:

L029 -- Leporacanthicus galaxias
Common name(s): Tooth nose, Vampire pleco, Galaxy pleco, Tusken pleco, L007, L029
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: Prefers faster flowing water
Diet: Mainly carnivorous, but important to offer veggies when possible. Favourites includes molluscs and prawns.
Max Size: Slightly larger than L007
Locality: Brazil: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Was thought to be the same fish as L007, but is distinguishable by its longer snout and a lower dorsal fin. Can be very territorial and agressive when housed with other Loricariidae and similarly sized bottom dwellers. Often shy and prefers shaded areas.

L030 -- Oligancistrus sp.
Common name(s): L030
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Predominantly a protein based diet, supplemented with vegetables.
Max Size: 6"
Locality: Brazil: Rio Xingu
Notes: When this Loricariidae first was described by the original DATZ, pictures showed more than one species, that possibly differed in genus. Therefore this L-number is under much scrutiny.
 

davo

Aimara
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Jan 9, 2006
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L031 -- Parancistrus nudiventris
Common name(s): L031, L176, L300, LDA04, Peppermint Pleco
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None, although likes some flow, but is highly tolerent of poor water quality in comparison to many other Loricariidae.
Diet: Sifts through the detritous commonly eating algae and anything else available. Is a omnivore and so should be given a range of meaty foods and vegetables.
Max Size: 7"
Locality: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Not reported; cave spawner
Notes: One of only two scientifically described Parancistrus sp. making it easy to identify. A unique characteristic to Parancistrus is the presence of fleshy, fimbriate folds on the naked area surrounding the dorsal fin (esp. in breeding males). Is adapted to withstand poor water quality and low oxygen levels for extended periods of time.

L032 -- Ancistrus sp.
Common name(s): L032
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Mainly vegetables with some protein based food (e.g. larvaee, bloodworms)
Max Size: 4"
Locality: Rio Araguia and Rio Tocantins, Brazil
Spawning: Cave spawner, easily bred in aquarium.
Notes: Should be treated as most other Ancistrus species. Often confused with other Ancistrus with similar markings (e.g. L125, L124, L126, L127)

L033 -- Lasiancistrus
Common name(s): L033
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, preference for vegetables
Max Size: 4.5-5"
Locality: Lower portion of Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Not reported, cave spawner, chances are similar conditions to Ancistrus
Notes: This pleco is unique due to the presence of whiskerlike odontodes on the cheek as adults (larger in males). It has also been observed that adults sometimes have a dark red lower half of their dorsal. Sometimes mistaken with L178 (esp. when juvenile). Whisker like odontodes are thought could be used for larval mimicks to trick females, much like Ancistrus.

L034 -- Ancistrus ranunculus
Common name(s): L034, Medusa Pleco
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivorous, preference towards vegetables (however likes meaty foods more than other Ancistrus species)
Max Size: 5"
Locality: Rio Tocantins and Xingu
Spawning: Cave spawner, easily bred
Notes: Has a very large head width, and other than that displays common Ancistrus characteristics. Females exibit larger tentacles than some other Ancistrus (but still not as large as the males). Likes rockwork.

L035 -- Squaliforma cf. emarginata
Common name(s): L011, L035, L108, L116, Red Fin Thresher Pleco, Thresher Pleco
Synonyms: Plecostomus emarginata, Hypostomus emarginata
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore with a preference for greens. More and more proteins should be added with age.
Max Size: 16"
Locality: Widespread throughout the amazon, but L035 was collected in Rio Araguaia
Spawning: Unreported
Notes: Peaceful fish, not particularly agressive. Likes swimming space aswell as hides. Reasonably active as far as Loricariidae go.
 

davo

Aimara
MFK Member
Jan 9, 2006
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132
England
L036 -- Hemiancistrus spilomma
Common name(s): L036
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore, preference to greens.
Max Size: 5.5"
Locality: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Not reported, likely never to have been done in aquaria.
Notes: Rarely seen in the hobby and L12/L13 is often mistaken for this species, but the spots found on fins, lateral and dorsal plates are smaller, and the base colour is more grey. The genus is probably not a monophyletic group, and is used as a bit of a garbage can for hard to identify species, probably containing more than one genus. This species is considered by some to be a member of the genus Ancistomus, a distinct possibility.

L037 -- Hypostomus sp.
Common name(s): L037
Synonyms: None (sometimes called a member of the Hypostomus cochliodon group, but is not)
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore
Max Size: 8"
Locality: Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Not reported in aquaria, probably a mud bank spawner.
Notes: Identification of Hypostomus has no individual trait, and so species is recognised by colour and distinct patterning. Not rare, but an uncommon import.

L038 -- Peckoltia sp.
Common name(s): L038, Tiger Peckoltia
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: Omnivore with preference to protein based foods (worms, prawns etc.)
Max Size: 4.5"
Locality: Brazil, Mocajuba on the Rio Tocantins
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Similar to L002 but stripes are much thicker around the head, and less uniform. Also confused with L072 and L080.

L039 -- Pseudancistrus niger
Common name(s): L039
Synonyms: Guyanancistrus niger, Hemiancistrus niger, Lasiancistrus niger
Special Water Care: None, but prefers a fast flowing current.
Diet: Omnivore with preference towards meaty foods.
Max Size: 11"
Locality: Oyapock River basin
Spawning: Not reported, cave spawner.
Notes: A very wide pleco reportedly more than 18cm between the tip of pectoral spines. Found in swift flow, among boulders, gravel and cobbles.

L040 -- Harttia surinamensis
Common name(s): L040
Synonyms: None
Special Water Care: None
Diet: N/A
Max Size: 7.4"
Locality: Coastal rivers from Suriname River east to Approuague River, restricted to the Suriname River drainage
Spawning: Cave spawner
Notes: Not seen in the aquaria trade often, if at all. Found in the upper course of rivers on rocky and sandy bottoms
 
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