Flow measurement
Weirs allow
hydrologists and engineers a simple method of measuring the
volumetric flow rate in small to medium-sized streams/rivers or in industrial discharge locations. Since the geometry of the top of the weir is known and all water flows over the weir, the depth of water behind the weir can be converted to a rate of flow. However, this can only be achieved in locations where all water flows over the top of the weir crest (as opposed to around the sides or through conduits/sluices) and at locations where the water that flows over the crest is carried away from the structure. If these conditions are not met, it can make flow measurement complicated, inaccurate or even impossible.
The discharge calculation can be summarised as:
Q = C L H n {\displaystyle Q=CLH^{n}}
Where
- Q is the volumetric flow rate of fluid (the discharge)
- C is the flow coefficient for the structure (on average a figure of 0.62).
- L is the width of the crest
- H is the height of head of water over the crest
- n varies with structure (e.g., 3/2 for horizontal weir, 5/2 for v-notch weir)
However this calculation is a generic relationship and specific calculations are available for the many different types of weir. Flow measurement weirs must be well maintained if they are to remain accurate.
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