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https://hosting.photobucket.com/albums/i97/dstuer/manifold/.highres/IMG_0388_zpsd930c103.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds These modern designer faucets do come apart, and using the inside line has worked for me. I would attach a garden manifold to that line, and could fill 4 sumps handling...

I kept V fenestrata years ago (before I started using a camera), they don't start to color up until about 5", and then they are a blaze in red color (depending on the variant). I had the standard red type. Omnivores that eat everything from fruit, to veggies, to snails, to small fish, but not...

There are a number of predatory Gobies that would fit that bill Below is a young Gobiomorus dormitor, that reaches about 23" If acquired young enough it can be taught to accept prepared foods. Another related predator, goby , is Eleotris picta Both the above species are lurk and strike...

Caught the other day in the Rio Los Lotes, Panama, although a member of the Characins, it is separated from Tetras into the family Curimatadae, and is the only representative of that group found this far north into Central America. Its closest relatives being the Prochilodus, (flag tails)...

Since none of my side shots uploaded correctly, these coincide with the pond shots https://hosting.photobucket.com/albums/i97/dstuer/Ceibal/.highres/108_zps902e086e.jpg?width=320&height=320&fit=bounds...

Most fish from Uruguay are able to tolerate very wide swings, everything from Plecos, and Tetras, to Cichlids, but..... when kept outside, and seen from above, their wild coloration does more to cammoflauge them, than provide interest...

I was on a recon petrol in Viet Nam in 1970, nothing was happening except a bunch of monkeys were doing a recon of us at a distance. One of the guys got bored and threw a couple stones at the monkeys. The troop of monkeys immediately Krapped in their "hands", singled him out, and peppered him...

I agree, it doesn't quite look like fenestrata, but being young, its hard to tell what it may look like a few months down the road, contaminants are not rare when shipping Below are some red eyed cichlids I've kept, to compare...

One other thing you might want to consider, that with that pleco in the tank, the Petenia might figure its better to eat the eggs themselves, rather than feed them to another fish (such as a pleco), which might be likely because Plecos are nocturnal feeders. And ......as said above, you will...

I'm also impressed with the use oa algae, very natural.

Very interesting thread, and videos. Its interesting to me how much the Sri Lankan Biotope mirrors the Panamanian biotope. Cyprinids like barbs, danios and rasboras, make the major fish population Sri Lanka, just as Cyprinids do here, such as Tetras and other Characins do in Panama. I believe...

I believe we aquarists have been lulled, or bamboozled for decades, about the reality of nitrate toxicity, because nitrate is the end result of a successful cycle. When the reality is, it is a chronic toxin (although not as acute as ammonia or nitrite) but a chronic toxin nonetheless, and...

Since the genus Burjurquina was only separated from Aequidens in 1986, "you know" how painstakingly long it takes some in the aquarium hobby to catch up, or accept changes in taxonomy, its no surprise, you might need to look under Aequidens paraguayensis.. I know people who still call...

They are from Paraguay, Brazil, and Northern Argentina, preferring soft , lower than pH 7 water. Found in highly vegetative areas, and along with Cichlasoma dimerus. Often found with Astyanax tetras, so these would be great dither tank mates, and they are mouthbrooders..

Especially in a tank as tiny as 45 gals, nitrate and hormones build up quickly and can slow growth. The only way to get rid of those growth inhibitors is with frequent, large water changes. Breeders that want to get fast growth, and to get cichlids to market size quickly, will often do daily...

Since severums, and heckelli are soft, low pH water species, from mineral poor waters of the Amazon, in S America, and Vieja and Jack Dempsey are are hard water, high pH , mineral rich waters from Central America (being a biotope aquarist) I would never keep them together in the same tank

Although water parameters west of the Andes are sometimes a tad more alkaline,, they tend to vary from soft to hard seasonally. so GTs are much more adaptable to changing water parameters , than Amazonian species I personally would "not" try to keep a GT (or other cichlid) that is from west of...

Just an FYI, the Geos and GT are South American neutral pH an soft water species. JDs and other Central American Cichlids are hard water, high pH water cichlids, and to me, as a biotope aquarist, don't belong in the same tank, and beyond that, because the JD and the GT are so similar looking...

I agree that its not racial, but its more about economics, and economic opportunity. The average yearly income for Panamanians, is 25K. (average) many Panamanians live on much much less, especially subsistence farmers or fishermen. And we retired people from the United States or well developed...