Why the lesser flow?
It gives more time to allow for contact with bacteria. The bacteria have a better chance of pulling unwanted pollutants from the water.Why the lesser flow?
That's called a bio reactor. The idea is to get air on the media and help degass.I am not sure myself, of what would be optimal.
I know in waste water treatment plants, the tank that nitrification takes place in is a violent air bubbling white water.