You can determine the age of a fish by the circuli (concentric rings) on its scales. Every scale has a central point and counting the scale rings that developed off the central point will show a year for each ring. The portion of the scale that's imbedded in its flesh is where the count is made.
A more precise method is to remove a fishs otolith (akin to an ear bone), saw the otolith in half, burn the otolith over a candle or alcohol burner (to give better contrast to the annuli (growth rings), and count the rings. The fish's age is a year for each annuli counted.