On most Parachromis, if the gill plate has small spots its male, if few, or none, it's female.
An example using Parachromis motaguensis.
male

female

notice also, the head profile, mature male Parachromis have steeper profiles.
It will be nearly inpossibleto tell the Amphillophus with side shots, or any photos, unless you take clear vent shots, because males and females are outwardly similar.
As to the carpintus
here is a female

note the shape of her head profile compared the male below.

also notice the lack coloration in the dorsal of the male , dark color is usually a female trait.
But in breeding color, males also take on darker markings, as in the pair below..

Absolutes are often blurred by spawning dress, mood, or even feeding colors.