The larger, thicker and rounder ones are usually female. The slender, slightly longer piranhas tend to be the males. That is just from my experience. My females in my adult shoal all have similar body shapes, and they are usually the better looking ones out of them all. My males are all the smaller of the two when they breed. They are the beat up ones in the pack. Good luck figuring it out. Once you get an eye of what to look for it gets easier.
First two pics are of females, notice the roundness of the body, and the one in the back of the first pic is also female. Next two are of the males. Not as round and much smaller.