forgot to answer the second part of the question
weeksi max - 20" ish, largest i've seen is CDMs 19"er
Z-green - i think 20" as well , the one in the pic is around 12" and is also on the plainer side when it comes to pattern
buettikoferi - ~12"
Males have a wider anal fin, you'll notice that as they get larger they will "cup" them sometimes. Females have a less muscly anal fin, its much easier to sex them once they are 8"+.
As for color variation, there are 3 palmas subspecies, palmas palmas and palmas buettokoferi are very similar looking, very hard to tell apart. Palmas polli is quite easy to distinguish from the other two. Other than that you can vary their colors using lighting and substrate color