Temperature-wise, if the pond is in the ground or very large, then you should be fine in the Mid-Atlantic from about May through Aug/beginning of September. If it is a smaller container out of the ground, then the concern is temperature fluctuations from day to night, which can be pretty rough on Africans. It's all about how much mass of water you have and if it's insulated.
If it were me, as long as the goldfish were healthy, filtration/aeration was adequate and the cichlids wouldn't get eaten (don't think so, but I don't keep goldfish, so don't know), I wouldn't see it as a problem to grow them out in the pond a bit during the summer. Just make sure to watch the temperatures as it gets cooler and bring them in as soon as the nights get too cool (water temp below 70 or so).