Noto;3153829; said:
I can't speak for koi, but goldfish are opportunists. They will happily eat some limbs from a slow-moving soft-bodied crustacean if they get the chance.
Agreed.
I attempted that combination a few times, and the goldfish readily ate/nipped the antennas of the crayfish and liked to nip at the legs (didn't do much damage there though, and they weren't lucky enough to encounter it when it was molting).
But, this may have be related to a certain species of goldfish, the size, the temperament, etc. And I certainly don't pretend to know fish by any stretch of the imagination. But I know it occurred a little too often to be just a "once in a lifetime" type occurrence on their part. However, on the side of crayfish, you're going to need to look into a lot of different species if you want to try this.
While all crayfish are opportunistic SCAVENGERS (please note, not all crayfish hunt or ambush), some do readily hunt. Such as the afore mentioned species by Noto, and the other commonly sold Procambarus alleni. Species like these are more carnivorous and are very inclined to actively hunt a large array tankmates (you can run through my album, you'll see a small P. clarkii munching on a large Silver Dollar it caught). Some other species, are only carnivorous (largely) as juveniles and move towards a more herbivorous diet as adults (Cherax quads, for example) and are more easily housed with fish. And some species are almost strictly herbivorous, to the point of which that the average keeper may end up starving them to death by trying to feed them a normal cray diet (Cherax sp. Red Brick). But being almost entirely herbivorous, it's very easily housed with an array of tankmates without much incident on it's part (that species in particular though does have very picky diet and tank requirements though).
You'll also need to look into species temperaments overall, some like Cherax quads or Orconectes lancifer are very peaceful in nature. Some, like Procambarus alleni or Orconectes rusticus, are extremely aggressive in nature. So, even with diet aside, you can still have issues if you select an aggressive species, as some will just kill off tankmates for the sheer hell of it it seems.
Oh, and not from personally experience, but I am informed that Koi readily enjoy crayfish once they are large enough to eat them. The owner of a LFS I frequent regularly buys crayfish from me to feed to his Koi.