Diy overflow between 4-5k gph

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homer1983

Feeder Fish
MFK Member
Oct 9, 2024
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So im building a 500 gallon for my turtle and kind of hung up on the overflow as the whole top is basically eurobraced with 4" of plywood all the way around. I want to maximize the water capacity as there is going to be a ramp going into the water for my turtle to climb out and on top will be a basking area. Anyways, i was thinking i could get a 3 inch piece of pvc and 3 Ts (this would be INSIDE the tank) use a skill saw and cut 1/2 - 1" deep saw cuts the entire length of it so 42" (front to back) would have it on the side that you see in picture). Come through the side of the tank and build an overflow box on the outside of the tank. Have to excuse my artistic skills. The black would be the outside overflow box, the red dots would be going to the inside to the pvc and the blue being my drains. Would three 2" outlets from the aquarium to the overflow box achieve 5k gph? Or would i need 4? And would slots cut into pvc allow enough water through? Trying to figure out how i can do this and still be able to service everything if i need to. Open to ideas, suggestions, comments. 1000028116.png
 
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Tagging some expert members
jjohnwm jjohnwm wednesday13 wednesday13
 
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No need or gain from the overfow box… 3, 2” pvc drains should get u pretty close tho. As always, more drains the better.
 
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I personally don't use overflow boxes; a bulkhead installed up near the top of the tank, and a straight run of pipe down from that to the sump is my effective, simple and cheap method. It may be too noisy for some who prefer one of the complicated drains designed to minimize the gurgle of water, but it works beautifully and can be muffled very well if desired. Mounting a T fitting on the outside of the bulkhead, with or without a very short section of open pipe pointing upwards, acts as a breather and allows you insert something like a very loose-fitting brush into the top of the pipe, which will cut down on the gurgle to a large extent.

Plenty of charts online that indicate flowrates in various pump sizes; this will be a non-pressurized gravity-powered drain, which flows much less than any pressurized set-up, but I still see numbers up over 3000gph in various places. My largest plywood tank has a realistic flow rate through the drains of about 2400gph when both pumps are operating; plugging one of the drains experimentally shows that the other one all by itself will not quite handle the flow, but with both open I have a ridiculously large safety margin. If I had an actual flow rate of 5000gph...as opposed to reading the number off the box and ignoring head pressure losses, etc...I'd likely use four 2-inch drains and bask in the knowledge that it was way more than needed.

I have a 90-degree elbow on the inside of the bulkheads, mounted on a union that allows me to rotate the elbow which gives me a useful amount of adjustment of the ultimate water level in the running system. Turning the elbows so they face upwards, versus facing them sideways (or removing them altogether), will make a difference of about 2 inches in water level.

Multiple bulkheads means that each individual one is handling a smaller portion of the overall flow rate, which is useful because there is less "draindown" of the main tank during a power outage or when the pump is turned off for maintenance. Less draindown means it is easier to set up your sump with sufficient storage volume to prevent a mess on the floor. And of course with more drains you are safer from mishaps caused by accidental partial or complete blockage of one of them.

If you decide to install a vertical pipe on the inside of the bulkhead to reach down to the bottom, you will want to swiss-cheese it with drilled holes from top to bottom; too few holes, and/or holes that are too small, will eventually slow the flow rate as the holes gradually become clogged. This is what I do with drains for most tanks, but honestly I don't see much difference in water clarity or in buildup of waste matter on the bottom of the tank. The more "stuff" you have hanging off the bulkhead inside of the tank, the greater the risk of a turtle or large fish messing with it and breaking it or causing other problems.

My first plywood tank had bottom-drilled holes, with vertical standpipes screwed into the bulkheads and reaching right to the surface. I thought I was soooo smart doing that; the logic was that I could change the height of the verticals and thus the water level in the tank. Unfortunately, a big-ass critter jamming itself into the gap between standpipe and tank wall allows the beast to exert sufficient side pressure at the top of the pipe, that it can be cracked at the bottom! Don't ask... :)
 
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1000028129.png
This was the one i built before. A simple bean animal. Worked well and being in the living room it was as quiet as could be. I am unable to do that with this one because the way i built it. Im trying to keep the noise down as my daughter bedroom is right next to the room with this and she already has issues sleeping well. This was similar to what i had in mind kind of. But not paying that ridiculous money for something i can build and the thickness wont go to 1.5 inches lol. I was thinking basically 3 Ts joined with PVC and saw cut grooves in it. Could also control the water loss if power goes out with that as well i think. My turtle decided he was going to climb in the overflow one time and stuck his head in the siphon, glad i was home because it would have eventually killed him, i noticed a sound change in the tank and was like wtf is that and there he was head stuffed up the siphon so i want to keep that to a minimum as well on this go around1000028131.png1000028130.png
 
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An alternative approach that could simplify things considerably is using an overhead or dump filter. Put a pump in the tank and and one or more bins on top of the tank filled with whatever media you like. Holes in the bottom of the bins return the water to the tank. Looks like you could conceal them fairly easily. Bonus is adding terrestrial plants to the overhead filter bins. I use them extensively. No bulkheads, no overflow boxes, no sumps.
 
I personally don't use overflow boxes; a bulkhead installed up near the top of the tank, and a straight run of pipe down from that to the sump is my effective, simple and cheap method. It may be too noisy for some who prefer one of the complicated drains designed to minimize the gurgle of water, but it works beautifully and can be muffled very well if desired. Mounting a T fitting on the outside of the bulkhead, with or without a very short section of open pipe pointing upwards, acts as a breather and allows you insert something like a very loose-fitting brush into the top of the pipe, which will cut down on the gurgle to a large extent.

Plenty of charts online that indicate flowrates in various pump sizes; this will be a non-pressurized gravity-powered drain, which flows much less than any pressurized set-up, but I still see numbers up over 3000gph in various places. My largest plywood tank has a realistic flow rate through the drains of about 2400gph when both pumps are operating; plugging one of the drains experimentally shows that the other one all by itself will not quite handle the flow, but with both open I have a ridiculously large safety margin. If I had an actual flow rate of 5000gph...as opposed to reading the number off the box and ignoring head pressure losses, etc...I'd likely use four 2-inch drains and bask in the knowledge that it was way more than needed.

I have a 90-degree elbow on the inside of the bulkheads, mounted on a union that allows me to rotate the elbow which gives me a useful amount of adjustment of the ultimate water level in the running system. Turning the elbows so they face upwards, versus facing them sideways (or removing them altogether), will make a difference of about 2 inches in water level.

Multiple bulkheads means that each individual one is handling a smaller portion of the overall flow rate, which is useful because there is less "draindown" of the main tank during a power outage or when the pump is turned off for maintenance. Less draindown means it is easier to set up your sump with sufficient storage volume to prevent a mess on the floor. And of course with more drains you are safer from mishaps caused by accidental partial or complete blockage of one of them.

If you decide to install a vertical pipe on the inside of the bulkhead to reach down to the bottom, you will want to swiss-cheese it with drilled holes from top to bottom; too few holes, and/or holes that are too small, will eventually slow the flow rate as the holes gradually become clogged. This is what I do with drains for most tanks, but honestly I don't see much difference in water clarity or in buildup of waste matter on the bottom of the tank. The more "stuff" you have hanging off the bulkhead inside of the tank, the greater the risk of a turtle or large fish messing with it and breaking it or causing other problems.

My first plywood tank had bottom-drilled holes, with vertical standpipes screwed into the bulkheads and reaching right to the surface. I thought I was soooo smart doing that; the logic was that I could change the height of the verticals and thus the water level in the tank. Unfortunately, a big-ass critter jamming itself into the gap between standpipe and tank wall allows the beast to exert sufficient side pressure at the top of the pipe, that it can be cracked at the bottom! Don't ask... :)
An alternative approach that could simplify things considerably is using an overhead or dump filter. Put a pump in the tank and and one or more bins on top of the tank filled with whatever media you like. Holes in the bottom of the bins return the water to the tank. Looks like you could conceal them fairly easily. Bonus is adding terrestrial plants to the overhead filter bins. I use them extensively. No bulkheads, no overflow boxes, no sumps.
Man i really like that ide if i had more space up top, making my turtle a basking area up top and wont have much room. That is simple no way for anything to overflow if power goes out
 
1000028152.jpg
Obviously not to scale. So the long section would be a coast to coast weir made from 3" necked down to 2" and then exit the side of the tank. The T drops down to 2" and would exit BELOW the top one. Now because it is belowthe water line, that would in essence be a full siphon, put a gate valve on it to throttle it back and the top one would take up the excess water. On the outside of the tank i would run both with Ts and the top one would have a check valve going back to the weir. Basically making a bean animal set up. Would this be loud you think? Or would the siphon fight the other drain? I could obviously use like 45s to get a better flow for the siphon and would look way cleaner but home cheapo didn't have 45s so this is kind of just a rough idea of something i day dreamed up at work today
 
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