My understanding of alkalinity buffering is that it acts as a sponge. It's not that it breaks down, exactly, but buffering capacity keeps absorbing acids until it reaches a saturation point and then pH can drop. In practice my tanks never reach this point, even with a lot of tannins in some tanks, and pH stays stable even if I skip water changes for a while. That would vary depending on the carbonate hardness in your tank, mine is moderate, not high.
That's the simple answer. I'm not a chemist, but I suspect the extent to which various substances could react with something like sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to create new compounds depends on the chemicals involved.