I remember the discussion on this a few months ago (link below). In my experience it's pretty straightforward that fish that begin breeding on their own at young ages do not
stunt their growth; imo if fish end up
stunted there's more to it than simply when they began breeding. Whether it
slows their growth is another question and ime the result has been not really, or not significantly-- it still largely comes down to the individual fish in my experience. In any case, ime young breeding fish consistently reach expected growth rates and expected adult sizes and I haven't seen a consistent, significant difference between the final size of fish I had in breeding situations and others I had of the same species that were not breeding. I've been doing it a long time and I'm pretty observant with my own fish, so this is an accurate assessment of my experience.
The only qualification I'd add is I simply let the fish do what they do, I don't power feed to accelerate growth or do anything else to hurry them to breed any sooner or more often than they are otherwise inclined. I simply provide reasonably good care and let nature take its course.
But I wouldn't necessarily extrapolate what I've seen in my experience and in my tanks to different conditions of food, water, tank mates, tank size, etc, or extrapolate my experience to species I've never kept or bred, since time to sexual maturity, growth rates to adult size, and breeding specifics vary between different types of fish. (I've bred a lot of African cichilds, a couple types of Cyphotilapia, and several SA species, but no CA species.)
Anyway, imo the biology is more sophisticated than some realize and you can't sum it up with a simple yes or no that covers all the factors involved, all species, all possible scenarios in everyone's tanks, etc.
Link