Beneficial bacteria will grow on the surface of anything that is submerged, even better if the substance is porous, because bacteria can grow within it as well as on the surface, which means more BB.
Also it helps if there is a nice flow over the media so the bacteria are in constant contact with the waste they are meant to be converting.
Your vase example is ok, but the enclosed sides and rock on top aren't really allowing much flow through those sponges. Maybe in time this would be a good place for anaerobic activity, which is also pretty beneficial.