Axolotl
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(September 2008)Axolotl
Conservation statusScientific classificationKingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Amphibia
Order:
Caudata
Family:
Ambystomatidae
Genus:
Ambystoma
Species:
A. mexicanum
Binomial nameAmbystoma mexicanum
(
Shaw, 1789)The
axolotl (pronounced
/ˈæksəlɒtəl/),
Ambystoma mexicanum, is the best known of the Mexican
neotenic mole salamanders belonging to the Tiger Salamander complex. Larvae of this species fail to undergo
metamorphosis, so the adults remain aquatic and
gilled. The species originates from the lake underlying
Mexico City and is also called
ajolote (which is also the common name for the
Mexican Mole Lizard). Axolotls are used extensively in scientific research due to their ability to
regenerate most body parts, ease of breeding, and large embryos. They are commonly kept as pets in the United States, Great Britain (under the spelling
axlotl), Australia, Japan (sold under the name
wooper looper (ウーパールーパー,
Ūpā Rūpā?)) and other countries.
Axolotls should not be confused with
waterdogs, the larval stage of the closely related Tiger Salamanders (
Ambystoma tigrinum and
Ambystoma mavortium), which are widespread in much of North America and also occasionally become neotenic, nor with
mudpuppies (
Necturus spp.), fully-aquatic salamanders which are not closely related to the axolotl but bear a superficial resemblance.
As of 2008, wild axolotls are near extinction due to urbanization in Mexico City and polluted waters. Nonnative fish such as
African tilapia and
Asian carp have also recently been introduced to the waters. These new fish have been eating the axolotls' babies, as well as its primary source of food. The axolotl is currently on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's annual Red List of threatened species.
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