I can't give a per month grow out, but at two years (in a pond) they can hit 18 inches. Growing up I had a teacher that kept a 125g tank in the classroom with koi. He had that thing overstocked too. The fish were overfed as well, us kids fed them multiple times a day. All he ran was a HOB filter like an Aquaclear but he kept up water changes too and we never saw fish die or get sick. The koi may have stunted themselves out but I don't remember any over 8 inches. I know he would put the bigger ones in his pond at the end of school, but anything smaller than 8-10 inches stayed in the tank all summer (we had summer school too).
I have two fingerlings from this past spring and a yearling in my tank. One hasn't grown since pulled, he is about 3 inches including tail. The other is about 4 inches, the yearling is about 7 inches. They are in with some fancies for now, and are doing good, but they are exceptions too. Most koi seem to get more aggressive around 3 inches.
My largest here was an unusual case though. He was pond raised until I pulled him in this fall from a friend. He had gotten stuck to the pond filter intake and it tore the bottom of his tail off this summer. It had been healing but I took him in because she was afraid he wouldn't do well. He's a veil finned koi she thinks, or maybe just a longer finned butterfly koi. His tail is healing pretty nice, he has a small kink in the ray though. His left pec fin is also twisted from the filter too we think. When I got him in the tank he was scared from being able to see through the glass and darted wildly for the first couple days. The fancies taught him the ropes of the tank and now he's a big old cow grazing with the rest of them. He no longer scared of the lights or when we walk by the tank and is quite mellow. The 4 inch koi I have in there is also a butterfly koi, pulled because he's black and white with a small amount of yellow coming in with Ginrin patterned scales.
I do like the butterfly koi more for tanks, they seem to have better personalities and are more mellow.