Old water is no better than new water. Old water has nitrates in it, you need ammonia, nitrites and bacteria to cycle a tank.
Old filter is good, it has the bacteria needed to cycle a tank.
Cons should do fine cycling your tank.
Plants are GREAT, they use nitrogen (from ammonia, nitrites and nitrates) to grow. They have NO negative effect on cycling, and will keep your tank and fish healthier. If you have enough plants, you don't need to cycle as the plants will use up all the ammonia the fish can produce.
So, how long will it take to cycle? It depends on the old filter you added, how many plants you add and how many fish you add. It should be a couple of weeks to stabilize without plants, less time with plants.