T8s are more efficient, use less wattage to get pretty much the same amount of lumens as a T12. Basically you can get the same appearance of light amount from a T8 as a T12 but just using less watts with the T8. Between the two go with the T8 if your balast are designed for them. If your going into T5 HO, your getting into something different. They do also have T5 regular output. The T# represents the thickness of the tube, the smaller the number the thinner the tube, can't remember the exact specs.