
Bio balls work well, whether submerged or not, as long as there is a constant oxygenated water flow, beneficial bacteria will colonize b-balls, lava rock. or any other substrate surface you use a bio-media.
That plate under the drip and prefilter trays tray above the bio reactor thing has perforations to pop out up to 4 sock holders. I was considering socks...
I like socks .... next best thing to a drum you can get and can’t fit a drum.