lates niloticus is obviously just one species of fish., some say there are subspecies, which has not been substantiated. However, they do vary in colors from mood mostly, they can change from silver, brow, to black with spots of gold or white.
as for Lates the genus as a whole, there are over 10 different species of them, many come from Africa, some are found only in certain lakes, endemic to that region.
Lates niloticus is widely distributed throughout Africa, and attain the largest in size, over 150 kg fish have been reported!
Lates angustifrons, mariea, microlepis are found in Tanganiyka lake, and are sometimes exported you could differentiate them from the caudal fin, which some are forked, some squared, and some round.
A few really rare ones from Africa are Lates stappersi, which is skinny and long, looks completely different!
there are a few Lates that are Euryhaline, which means they can live in fresh, or brackish, and salt water at times. Lates japonicus, calcarifer are the more often seen ones. then there are lateolabrax altus and japonicus, and psammoperca weigensis, which are similar looking fish that are found mainly in the ocean.