The famous canals are in Miami. Orlando has tons of lakes but most are surrounded by houses. I use to have a long list of public lakes where fishing is permitted, but that list grew legs.
If I had found this thread earlier, I'd go fishing with you. I'm 30-40 minutes north of the Westgate. Wekiva Springs has been a favorite for a small group of us (me, robkob, camshaft ramrod, Ash, & TeChris). When they are really biting, 30 seconds is about the average wait between hits. The St. Johns River & Lake Monroe are also good. Turkey Lake is popular but I have no idea where there might be public access. The Butler Chain of Lakes is a top bass producer but it's surrounded by mansions so you'll need a guide to get on the lakes. Lake Baldwin is toward the center of Orlando and you can walk up to that lake. Parking isn't a problem on the west side of the lake.
Farther out towards the coast, you can fish in brackish and SW in the Intercoastal Waterway (Halifax River), Indian River Lagoon, Mosquito Lagoon, Banana River, & Turtle Mound (park). Off shore, you can fish with Critter Fleet located at Lighthouse Park at Ponce Inlet (south of Daytona).