There are some sharks that do spend some longer periods of time in freshwater areas - the bullshark has been noted from Lake Nicaragua and well up into major rivers, such as the Amazon and the Zambezi river. Such is their freshwater tolerance that down here we often refer to bull sharks as 'Zambezi' sharks because of their frequent ventures into freshwater.
I even remember launching for dives from a river where we were instructed to stay in the boat at all times because of heavy bull shark presence.
Regardless, the sharks return to the ocean after some time; I've never heard of a permanent or landlocked freshwater population of bull sharks. If one were to ever keep or raise a bull shark in captivity, it'd have to be under marine conditions, simply because that is the environment that they're most commonly found in, and it'd be much easier to maintain them in that way.
There are some sharks, such as Glyphis sp., which are 100% freshwater. However, such sharks are only kept in captive conditions by public aquariums for conservation and research purposes.