Hello; I have bonded things with silicone that have remained bonded for decades.
---Glass plates to glass plates stay together very well and are usually a pain to seperate. rarely a failure
---Smoothe stone like slate to slate sticks fairly well and has done well for me over time. Some failures over time and not a big problem to seperate
---slate to glass sticks fairly well most of the time.
I have not used the stone you show, so cannot say from experience. It should bond well. I have found it best to have the materials dry before trying to bond them. I also allow them a couple of days to set up before adding water. For a dusty surface, I get as much dust offas I can.
Good luck.