A canister filter is designed to be used as a closed loop...so, one would have to sit the filter in the sump and draw water from the sump and discharge to the tank. A normal overflow would be required....or, plumb the sump via a bulkhead to the intake of the filter. The discharge would, again, have to go to the tank and flow through an overflow back to the sump.
I have a similar setup....
My sump is plumbed with a bulkhead near the bottom on the end. I have an Eheim 2250, full of media and nothing else. A submersible pump, in the sump, pumps water from the sump, through the 2250(sitting outside the sump), out of the filter through a UV and discharging back into the sump. The reason it discharges back into the sump is the two return pumps pumping water from the sump back into the tank are moving 1700gph. The pump feeding the 2250 is only 300gph. My overflow is rated at 1800gph, so I would flood my tank. I figured the water in the sump is filtered so pumping it through the 2250 and the UV wouldn't be a problem with debris and so far, this setup is allowing me to run almost 20L of media in addition to the media in the sump.
If the overflow in your setup would allow for the canister to discharge into the tank, there is no reason why you wouldn't be able to do what you are asking. Even if you were to discharge through the filter and back into the sump, your return would be supplying the filter with "fresh" water and in some cases, a better contact time with a UV(like in my setup).
Anyway, sorry for the long answer. Good luck.