Ps:
Please excuse any spelling mistakes .... google translator
The nutrition of polypterus - Relationship energy x Nutrients
Author: Rafael Blangis
In reading the article by Dr. Rodrigo Mabilia some information left me worried and puzzled.
They did reflect once again on how fed and feed my polypterus. Always offered food at will, often rich in fat and protein. I return to discuss this issue as it is part of a routine discussions with other aquarists who know: Does this food really is reaching the needs of the fish?
Below are some of the conclusions drawn article2.
According to Rodrigo Mabilia: "Fish need diets containing adequate levels of energy. The fish feed on so far to meet their energy needs. If a food has high energy levels the fish will soon cease food intake and ingirirá most likely not enough to meet their protein requirements and other nutrients. "
The energy thus limiting food intake and growth for the fish.
Reasons why polypterus not need as much energy in food.
1 - Fish do not need power to maintain constant body temperature (ectodermal).
2 - Due to little movement in aquariums energy expenditure is lower than in their natural habitat.
3 - The process of excretion of ammonia occurs passively unlike mammals, for example, require energy to turn the ammonia into urea (less toxic form) for excretar.Este process occurs almost 80% in the gills.
Being a carnivore polypterus opportunistic in nature their diet consists mainly of small fish, larvae and insetos1 since the aquarium feeding is very different it has high levels of protein and fat. These proteins usually come from the following sources: feed with high protein, chicken, fish and red meat in general.
Proteins and amino acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that perform the basic functions of the training systems of fish (bones, scales etc..). The combination of amino acids forming the protein. Through digestion of proteins ammonia is released as a way of excreta into rivers there problem with ammonia as the same is simply carried by the current. In aquariums carnivores rate of ammonia should be monitored carefully. A biological filtration quality and periodic replacement is critical.
If the fish feed to meet their energy needs is necessary to balance the power between the energy rate and rates of proteins, vitamins, fats and other nutrients to prevent problems in growth, accumulation of fats, organ problems , lowered resistance (open door to diseases) and longevity of polypterus.
Being the polypterus a fish that has relatively low need for energy, it is not a very active fish and opportunistic carnivore requiring a high amount of protein we must be careful in the amount / quality of feed offered to fish.
An excerpt from the article caught my attention because I thought the same way:
"... It is very important to put dear readers that the protein quality is often more important than the actual amount of calcium in the diet. This phrase to annotate crack paradigm established by a marketing practice very low, a diet is not always better than the other to contain a larger amount of protein. Some brands appeal to consumers eluding the fact that their diet contains X% more protein than your competitor is better. "
"A diet-protein, unlike may cause damage to the health of some fish species according to their feeding habits and life stage."
Fats and fatty acids:
According Mabilia lipids perform important functions such as:
Support energy;
Serves as a structural component of tissues;
Act on the regulation of many body functions.
Too much can cause a decrease in the efficiency of the functions mentioned above.
A deficiency can cause:
Decreased growth;
Increased mortality;
Increased respiratory rate.
The article cites other problems, but I am only commenting that I look for more reports on forums and with my fish.
Below is my sugestão3 an initial feed for polypterus small.
Try to switch days per week:
Artemia Salina: Rich in fat and vitamins C, A and B. Most perfect food for ornamental fish, especially live. Brine shrimp cysts are indicated for fingerlings.
Tubifex: Food liofilizado1, may contain living parasites. Rich in vitamins B, C and A. It is a small annelid (earthworm group), which usually grow in muddy environments or sewers.
pelleted diets: Serves as a base for all kinds of fish, each with its own specialty. Usually are rich in vitamin C.
Gammarus: Small crustaceans (about 2 cm) that are found in fresh or salt water. Uses a lot to feed aquatic reptiles, used dry.
Larvae of Tenebrio: Is a species of beetle known as Tenebrio molitor. Commonly used as live food for fish medium and large. Also used for smaller fish into small pieces.
Earthworms: proteins, all essential amino acids and non-essential.
To polypterus medium and large alternating days:
Tenebrio: Same as above
Small live fish.
Feed good quality for carnivores.
Pieces of fish.
Earthworms: proteins, all essential amino acids and non-essential.
I am avoiding provide red meat, since they possess high levels of fats and amounts of proteins may be supplied in other ways.
I'm also avoiding chicken meat because of the controversy regarding the use of growth hormones and antibiotics in poultry to enhance their development. According to Codex Alimentarius - a body created by the FAO (United Nations Organization for Agriculture and food) and the World Health Organization to develop food standards which Brazil is linked, these practices do not occur in the country. But as the poultry is not part of the regular diet of polypterus will not offer mine.
Remember that it is essential that the aquarium also has an average temperature compatible with the species to which the fish have a satisfactory metabolic development.
There are several reports of sudden deaths of polypterus increasingly I think these deaths are linked to food given to the fish and potentiated by stress and water parameters. By observing some autopsies of fish in forex forums and my own fish the amount of fat was always very high and may be a clue for further study.
Note:
Food freeze-1: Freeze-drying is a dehydration process by freezing.
http://lescanjr.blogspot.com.br/2008/08/i-alimentao-e-nutrio-de-peixes.html
http://www.ceunes.ufes.br/downloads/2/julienchiquieri-Alimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Peixes%20Ornamentais.pdf
http://www.forumaquario.com.br/portal/alimentacao-qualidade-e-economia/
http://www.forumaquario.com.br/portal/alimentacao-pequeno-faq/
Please excuse any spelling mistakes .... google translator
The nutrition of polypterus - Relationship energy x Nutrients
Author: Rafael Blangis
In reading the article by Dr. Rodrigo Mabilia some information left me worried and puzzled.
They did reflect once again on how fed and feed my polypterus. Always offered food at will, often rich in fat and protein. I return to discuss this issue as it is part of a routine discussions with other aquarists who know: Does this food really is reaching the needs of the fish?
Below are some of the conclusions drawn article2.
According to Rodrigo Mabilia: "Fish need diets containing adequate levels of energy. The fish feed on so far to meet their energy needs. If a food has high energy levels the fish will soon cease food intake and ingirirá most likely not enough to meet their protein requirements and other nutrients. "
The energy thus limiting food intake and growth for the fish.
Reasons why polypterus not need as much energy in food.
1 - Fish do not need power to maintain constant body temperature (ectodermal).
2 - Due to little movement in aquariums energy expenditure is lower than in their natural habitat.
3 - The process of excretion of ammonia occurs passively unlike mammals, for example, require energy to turn the ammonia into urea (less toxic form) for excretar.Este process occurs almost 80% in the gills.
Being a carnivore polypterus opportunistic in nature their diet consists mainly of small fish, larvae and insetos1 since the aquarium feeding is very different it has high levels of protein and fat. These proteins usually come from the following sources: feed with high protein, chicken, fish and red meat in general.
Proteins and amino acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that perform the basic functions of the training systems of fish (bones, scales etc..). The combination of amino acids forming the protein. Through digestion of proteins ammonia is released as a way of excreta into rivers there problem with ammonia as the same is simply carried by the current. In aquariums carnivores rate of ammonia should be monitored carefully. A biological filtration quality and periodic replacement is critical.
If the fish feed to meet their energy needs is necessary to balance the power between the energy rate and rates of proteins, vitamins, fats and other nutrients to prevent problems in growth, accumulation of fats, organ problems , lowered resistance (open door to diseases) and longevity of polypterus.
Being the polypterus a fish that has relatively low need for energy, it is not a very active fish and opportunistic carnivore requiring a high amount of protein we must be careful in the amount / quality of feed offered to fish.
An excerpt from the article caught my attention because I thought the same way:
"... It is very important to put dear readers that the protein quality is often more important than the actual amount of calcium in the diet. This phrase to annotate crack paradigm established by a marketing practice very low, a diet is not always better than the other to contain a larger amount of protein. Some brands appeal to consumers eluding the fact that their diet contains X% more protein than your competitor is better. "
"A diet-protein, unlike may cause damage to the health of some fish species according to their feeding habits and life stage."
Fats and fatty acids:
According Mabilia lipids perform important functions such as:
Support energy;
Serves as a structural component of tissues;
Act on the regulation of many body functions.
Too much can cause a decrease in the efficiency of the functions mentioned above.
A deficiency can cause:
Decreased growth;
Increased mortality;
Increased respiratory rate.
The article cites other problems, but I am only commenting that I look for more reports on forums and with my fish.
Below is my sugestão3 an initial feed for polypterus small.
Try to switch days per week:
Artemia Salina: Rich in fat and vitamins C, A and B. Most perfect food for ornamental fish, especially live. Brine shrimp cysts are indicated for fingerlings.
Tubifex: Food liofilizado1, may contain living parasites. Rich in vitamins B, C and A. It is a small annelid (earthworm group), which usually grow in muddy environments or sewers.
pelleted diets: Serves as a base for all kinds of fish, each with its own specialty. Usually are rich in vitamin C.
Gammarus: Small crustaceans (about 2 cm) that are found in fresh or salt water. Uses a lot to feed aquatic reptiles, used dry.
Larvae of Tenebrio: Is a species of beetle known as Tenebrio molitor. Commonly used as live food for fish medium and large. Also used for smaller fish into small pieces.
Earthworms: proteins, all essential amino acids and non-essential.
To polypterus medium and large alternating days:
Tenebrio: Same as above
Small live fish.
Feed good quality for carnivores.
Pieces of fish.
Earthworms: proteins, all essential amino acids and non-essential.
I am avoiding provide red meat, since they possess high levels of fats and amounts of proteins may be supplied in other ways.
I'm also avoiding chicken meat because of the controversy regarding the use of growth hormones and antibiotics in poultry to enhance their development. According to Codex Alimentarius - a body created by the FAO (United Nations Organization for Agriculture and food) and the World Health Organization to develop food standards which Brazil is linked, these practices do not occur in the country. But as the poultry is not part of the regular diet of polypterus will not offer mine.
Remember that it is essential that the aquarium also has an average temperature compatible with the species to which the fish have a satisfactory metabolic development.
There are several reports of sudden deaths of polypterus increasingly I think these deaths are linked to food given to the fish and potentiated by stress and water parameters. By observing some autopsies of fish in forex forums and my own fish the amount of fat was always very high and may be a clue for further study.
Note:
Food freeze-1: Freeze-drying is a dehydration process by freezing.
http://lescanjr.blogspot.com.br/2008/08/i-alimentao-e-nutrio-de-peixes.html
http://www.ceunes.ufes.br/downloads/2/julienchiquieri-Alimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Peixes%20Ornamentais.pdf
http://www.forumaquario.com.br/portal/alimentacao-qualidade-e-economia/
http://www.forumaquario.com.br/portal/alimentacao-pequeno-faq/
