in my opinion (feel free to prove me otherwise) sand increase the time it takes for a tank to cycle by at least a few weeks.
Reason:
-sand, although has more surface area than gravel, constantly gets moved around in the tank. If there were any good bacteria growing on the grain of sand it would be covered by other sand not allowing oxygen to get to it and killing it. Where as gravel constantly has aerated water passing through, allowing the growth of bacteria.
if i was starting my tank from scratch again, i would go for gravel.
the end

Reason:
-sand, although has more surface area than gravel, constantly gets moved around in the tank. If there were any good bacteria growing on the grain of sand it would be covered by other sand not allowing oxygen to get to it and killing it. Where as gravel constantly has aerated water passing through, allowing the growth of bacteria.
if i was starting my tank from scratch again, i would go for gravel.
the end