Line Breeding -- Where is the Line?

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Meh imo once a fish enters one's tank, then one can do whatever with it. And rather, that's all anyone does to their fish, take care of 'em however they so choose.

Purists tend to be anti-hybrids, and one of the main reasons they give is so that the can preserve the wild forms of this fish. But yes, the moment you start selectively breeding fish, you're not keeping the wild forms anymore. Electric blue in Jack Dempseys, albinism in a huge amount of fish, or even just breeding for more coloration or the likes. So yes it's an odd line that one draws at times, and I do find it quite funny. I agree with the article, in that the only way to keep a 'wild-type' fish is if it's from the wild itself. As stated once it gets into the next generation, it's us humans who are selecting for what lives and what doesn't, deciding the fate of the next generations of fish that we own. And so yeah, how do we determine that we are actually 'doing what's good for the fish'? I mean, is it even really 'selecting for the strongest and healthiest fry' as the article suggests, is that really still what we 'should' be doing? Who's to say that having too 'good' of a fish is actually good? In the wild, who knows, due to scarcity of food perhaps it may be better if fish was more sluggish and seemingly weaker, but require less energy to operate so that they don't consume as much food... just a hypothetical example of course, but who really knows? So imo really once a fish enters the hobby, there's no point in trying to 'preserve' the species because chances are we, unknowingly in many a cases, are not doing what's 'best' for the species, not actually doing what 'should' be done.

No doubt there are professionals out there, ecologists who study cichlids in extreme detail to understand so much about a fish that they can actually say, and are, preserving fish in the 'wild state', but for most of us, we're really not doing them any good keeping fish in our tanks. For it's illegal for most of us to actually release the fish anyways, even if we want to help.

More importantly, it is true that we all keep fish for different reasons, and to be honest, it's all for our own gain, regardless of what the reason is. Whether it be for financial gain, for our own enjoyment, for our ability to say 'I got this rare fish!', or even to spread 'good' fish around (in other words to satisfy our belief that certain species should be more widely present). So I think all that we should do is simply respect the fact that everyone has their own reasons to keep fish, their own likes and dislikes, and let it be.

I'm a hybrid keeper, and I have no reason to deny the fact that I love hybrids. But on the same token, I love purebreds as well, and I keep both under the same roof (and often, in the same tank). Some people only like purebreds and keep singular Doviis in their own tanks and that's all they do. Some only like hybrids and keep singular Flowerhorns in their own tanks and that's all they do. I personally have no issue with either. Everyone is different, and in my opinion everyone should respect that. On that note though, I would so prefer a 'quality' Dovii over a 'quality' Flowerhorn, because a 'quality' Flowerhorn most likely will have a gigantic nuchal hump, which I think is extremely ugly. Though I did state that I love both hybrids and purebreds, because not all hybrids are the same, nor are the purebreds. As on that token, I do dislike Africans - the only one I truly like is the Electric Yellow Cichlid, everything else I don't have much love for at all. No one sees me going about telling people to burn their Africans tho (gee that sounded racist), because whilst I may personally not keep them, I don't see an issue with others keeping them.

I think it's this sort of healthy respect is the most important for the hobby, that we realize that everyone is different and that we have enough respect to let it be and just have fun with what one loves and in the worse case scenario, just ignore what they hate, if they hate those fish that much, regardless of what said fish is.

So how does this tie in with the article and this discussion in particular? Simple. Is it hard to draw a line as to what's 'fine' and what's not? Yes, absolutely. At what point should we draw a line? No where. Why should there a need to draw a line as to when keeping a certain fish is alright, and when it's not? Even with defective fish. After all, take a look at EBJDs and Blood Parrots. Both start out with defects - EBJDs have a weak physiology and can be very weak and fragile, not to mention their inability to reproduce with other EBJDs. Blood Parrots obviously have a deformed mouth. Yet most people have no issues with keeping EBJDs, whilst they do with Blood Parrots solely based on its deformity. Which is odd, because they both have very bad deformities. Yes, people are breeding 'stronger' forms of EBJDs, but in the same token, people are breeding 'better' forms of Blood Parrots as well. Needless to say, that still doesn't prevent the existence of this fish. One might obtain really active, relatively disease free EBJD eventually, but that still doesn't stop these weak forms of EBJDs existing in between. Same with Blood Parrots. So is it alright then, to let these obviously defective fish live, just because they are being breed to be better? Is that where we draw the line? What if it takes 20 generations for the problem to just be partially fixed? Should we let 20 generations of defects live just so that eventually we'll get a 'good' fish? Is that really ethical?

In the end it comes down to a lot of us just wanting the nice traits - be it the coloration of the EBJD or the shape of the Blood Parrot, and really there's no stopping people going for it, even if they're still riddled with defects. And to be honest, why shouldn't they? Everyone keeps fish for different reasons, and is one reason ever really 'better' than another? No, not really. It's just different viewpoints, different goals, different loves.

So yeah in the end, why should there be an arbitrary line we must draw and enforce? We are keeping these fish out of the wild anyways, playing god as we stuff them into boxes in whatever way we like, doing whatever we like with them - and really, why shouldn't we be able to do this? We're an intelligent race of beings, given the ability by nature to control this world, and what lives within it. So we should just do our best to do so without well, destroying ourselves in the process, somehow. Keeping fish probably won't come to that tho. Well we do release fish into the wild and they kill off entire habitats and stuff like that tho.

Which brings us to my final point. Whilst we should respect what each other keeps and all that, we need to remember a few things and follow a code of practice that ultimately benefits everyone, practitioners included. This is your stock standard code, i.e. 'label all your fish properly', 'don't release aquarium-kept fish into the wild' (illegal in many countries anyways) and well that's pretty much all there is to it. If we all follow that two simple rules, I see no issues at all with people keeping or breeding or distributing whatever fish they like. And I think that's the best way to go about it. Respect other fish keepers, and follow those two simple guidelines. Worse comes to worse, just ignore the fish you don't like. Unless you're in a real life gathering of course, but hey. Chances are someone there may not be all too impressed by your fish either.
 
While snorkeling with jack Dempseys in Mexico I realized they look very different than there aquarium strain counterparts.
100-1.jpg

Much more streamlined than the stubby ones I see in most tanks.Whether this is due to inbreeding or environmental conditions may be the question. They really have to work for their food in nature, I watched them miss 9 out of 10 times when trying to strike and eat live bearers, and resort to grazing on algae in between.
In Lake Nicaragua in order to get at food Amphilophus labiatus must suck hard on rock crevices to remove imbedded invertebrates which may contribute to enlargement of lips that seem to disappear in aquarium strains.
Maybe along with saving way too many fry, we tend to coddle our fish a bit much (especially fry).
Lately when my fish spawn, I try to allow normal die off and sibling predations to reduce populations to say 15 or less, and I believe that's a bit too many, in nature out of a spawn of 1000, only 1 or 2 would survive.
 
in nature out of a spawn of 1000, only 1 or 2 would survive.

Well, on average, looking at it over a longer period of time, the survival rate in nature would be 1 fry per breeding adult, survives to become the next generation of breeding adult. Not 1-2 per spawn but rather 1 for the lifetime of a breeding adult......otherwise the population would be multiplying by the number of times a fish spawns in it's life time.

Right from the very start, young wild fish collected may not have survived and become breeding adults. Maybe genetic dead ends with in their own population. Once in captivity, and in high demand, 1,000's of fry, with significant degree of variation, start new lines.

Completely different selection in captivity. Fish don't have to make a living; we simply feed them. No predators or very little predation.The new enviroment selects for those that are better suited to captivity. Fish that we select because they have desireable traits to us: Better color, nicer fins, male and female that are more compatible in an enclosed space, ect., ect.

That said, I still think an F100 cichlid is still very similar to a wild cichlid. Not exactly the same, maybe even from the beginnig, but still very similar. We just haven't been keeping them long enough, like the 1,000 years we have altered the goldfish.
 
Yeah you're right duanes, I have seen some F1 labiatus with some somewhat noticable lips (but not comparable to wild fish) but I know from the papers RD. has posted on them it's behavioral thing (forgive the lack of a better term right now).

I think there's a catch 22 there... People who breed fish with the goal of selling them obviously make more money with the more fish they raise. And that's not to say a good majority of them won't be "healthy" (of course there will always need to be some culls, which is hard to stomach for some).


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I fully agree with the very well put topic of ACOrange, and have had this conversation, repeatedly, in other threads. Our fish will transform themselves in our tanks and the fry will not be the same as wild fry.

And it is obvious that we will select the best according to our criteria ( whicm may well be diff than nature's selection ) and thereby we have transformed a wild line.

And that not even bringing into the discussion the reliability of the initial wild source, in which i pose very little trust.
 
I didn't read every post. But to the op once you remove fish from the wild man has intervened in the process and natural selection stops. We can breed wild fish and try as best we can not to interfear with natural parings but we will never know how this pairing in the wild would have turned out. We could also introduce more wild cought fish to the breeding population every year which will help keep the gene pool somewhat diverse. Most wild cought fry are related if cought in the same area so you don't even know from day one what you have as the level of inbreeding and outcrossing in the wild is has never really been studied or established. I would say the best you could do is let the fish breed and choose mates on their own and add new fish to the population next year while culling any and all deforities. We can keep it close but after a while (I don't know what that while is) factors other than the fish themselves ie diet, habitat, water, lighting, temp ect. ect. will start to alter the appearance to some extent. We had a great disscussion on this over at the Angelfish ForumII. We all had to finly agreed to disagree. It si and interesting conversation, we most likly will never be able to duplacate the wild but we can keep "wild type" fish that haven't been selected for and specific trates.
 
Aquanero;6222378fIt si and interesting conversation said:
Even these will change in our homes, Tom.
 
Really good discussion!

A few different issues here:

- Let's separate efforts to intentionally create ornamental fish from efforts to maintain lines of wild-type ones.

Trying to develop the next "new" color strain of angelfish or JD or discus (or Peacock or Oscar or whatever) is intentionally finding aberrations from wild-type (through line breeding, hybridization or both) and shaping them into something intentionally different from what's found in nature. It's been the heart of the aquarium hobby for many, many years and these kinds of fish make up a big chunk of the fish that people buy or keep. As I've described in the past, I think that trying to draw an ethical bright line between using line breeding and hybridization in the development of ornamental fish is fraught with issues and doesn't make sense.

A key question with ornamental fish is: What is too extreme? Well fancy goldfish (and bettas and guppies and veil finned fish and parrots...etc.) are all pretty extreme. So is, of course, tattooing and cutting fish. I don't think it's easy to have a bright line here, either.

There are muddled reasons for the desire to maintain wild fish (prestige / status symbol, desire to have "the best", interest in nature, "conservation", curiosity, challenge, lack of captive bred available, etc.) in glass boxes.

The desire to maintain wild-type lines of fish can only be that: an approximation. But it's a different thing than intentionally selection for what we like vs. what Mother Nature does (which is, of course, not possible to know completely). Put another way, attempting to maintain what makes fish from a certain location / population different / unique from others (keeping them as authentic as possible to what's found in the wild) is different than trying to create something that's "better". This generally means including fish only with provenance to a particular population...and NOT mixing variants, culling sports, etc.

It's pretty simple for me: I keep what I like and I like medium-sized New World fish like Cryptoheros, Chanchitos, Acaras, Gymnogeos and the like. A lot of the different Uruguayan fish I collected myself and keep because they bring me back to my trips and the places that I've visited. I've gotten as far as two or three generations from wild fish while maintaining what seem to be the unique characteristics. I haven't gotten further because I haven't kept them long enough. I'm sure that, being mindful of culling for deformities or allowing survival of the - few - fittest like Duane - you could go several generations more. Remember that a key mechanism for speciation / differentiation in cichlids is isolation (i.e. narrowing the gene pool). I've posted about small ponds in Uruguay that probably only get "new" blood every decade or so. The idea that more genetic diversity is more like "wild" is often overstated, in my opinion.

Fish can (and should) live for many years. many of my pairs are the wild or F1s I got from the original sources years ago. When they die, I'll try to get another from the original source or spawn a wild or F1 male with a selection of F2 females. It's the best you can do!

I keep about 10 different kinds of wild-type "convicts"... Keeping all of these varieties in the same fishroom makes it obvious just how different that many are in terms of male and female coloration, brood size and characteristics, size, aggression and other behavioral traits, etc. Captive fish tend to be taller bodied and more robust than their wild counterparts (for obvious reasons). But I've actually begun to feed a lot less so that fish seek out more "natural" sources of "food" like mulm, algae, plants, etc. that take a little more effort than a pellet!

I could ramble on more...

Matt
 
Great post, Matt.

So, when you have fry, and after culling etc, etc, you select the fish that according to you most ressembles the wild lines you keep, rather than the fish you may find better, or more beautifull, right?

That is the only way i find one can somehow maintain line fidelity. Even so, i maintain that kept fish change, perhaps not so noticeably morphologically, but they must change.
 
I guess so, Miguel... I'm just a hobbyist with a bunch of tanks...and have way more fish breeding than I'd ever hope to deal with...so I tend to grow out fry with the parents and let them sort out who lives and dies (about 10% of most spawns). And I, of course, feed any runts or odd looking fish to the pikes!

When folks get fish from me (and I trade and give away many more fish than I sell), I take a random grab with the net...make sure all of the fish are healthy and look good...and away they go :)

Matt

Great post, Matt.

So, when you have fry, and after culling etc, etc, you select the fish that according to you most ressembles the wild lines you keep, rather than the fish you may find better, or more beautifull, right?

That is the only way i find one can somehow maintain line fidelity. Even so, i maintain that kept fish change, perhaps not so noticeably morphologically, but they must change.
 
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