So do you think these "big headed Argentinians" are just the same old Dorado? Can you elaborate?
How big is that one in the pics? 14-15"?
I know this isn't directed at me, but this is one hypothesis I'm exploring.
An explanation to this could be the trophic level of the Dorados in either ecosystem. In the Argentine waters, a Dorado may be an apex predator that is at the highest trophic level in its environment. This race of Dorados would be adapted to a macropredatory lifestyle that would include eating other large fish. This would require a bigger head to support bigger jaws. This would also allow the fish to grow larger as they're not being supressed by any other predator.
It is possible that the small headed Brazilian fish are, while the same species, a different race that is occupying a mesopredator spot in the ecosystem. This would be an organism that occupies the second or third trophic tier and is prey for a different apex predator. What it could be supressing the Dorado in the Amazon basin I don't know off hand; filamentosum, armatus, jau, aimara, pick a predator lol
You can find artificially created examples of this effect in America in lakes in the northern states. In many places SMB have been artificially introduced to lakes for the purpose of fishing. The SMB, who are more proficient predators, out compete the native lake trout as the apex predator which suppresses the lake trout. The trout go from a primarily piscivorous diet to one that includes largely invertebrate forage and some smaller fish. Smaller trout also become a key prey item for the bass. Because of this competition, the trout don't get as large and they're not as aggressive and predatory. Once the SMB are removed, the trout once again manage to occupy the top trophic spot and grow huge.
The same principle is possible with the Dorados.
I've had a long, rough couple of days. I'm off to bed. lol