right there could be your reason. MTS are substrate burrowers, so what looks like several hundred could be several thousand in a tank with enough food.
reducing food and cleaning more solids out of the tank would cause a massive die off of the infestation, resulting in 100's of snails in your substrate dying and decaying. that would cause your biofilter to be well overburdened by the influx of ammonia and nitrite.
Hello; I find this a plausable possibility. The tank was stocked fairly heavy with fish had a fair bioload, add to this the bioload of all the snails and decay byproducts from excess food. A tightrope tank, meaning the balance is easy to get out of whack. I speculate there likely was excess food about as that is how I have induced an excess population of the MTS (snails) in tanks over the decades. A sharp reduction of available food could lead to a die off of a sufficent number of snails to foul the tank. My experience has been that the MTS do not reach large populations when their food supply is restricted.
I can also see the oily film being adding to the the issue. There is some exchange of gasses at the surface of the water. Add to the oily film that live plants use oxygen in the dark peroids.
I am not familiar with liquid CO2. Correct my assumption if it is off base, but the liquid CO2 is somehow to add carbon dioxide or just carbon for the plants? If this chemical works then the live plants could have been more active in their dark phase growth and this may have added to the oxygen demand of the tank.
Supposing the oxygen levels were already reduced as speculated by the above, then the tank may have had a cascade of events. Perhaps for some reason a first fish dies and begins to decay adding to events and being a tipping point. The power goes off at my place for short peroids from time to time often in the middle of the night, could something like that have happened?
If your detective work does not yield an answer, may I make a couple of suggestions. I run bubblers all the time, that might be worth considering. I also went to lighter fish stocking some decades ago in all my tanks and have found positive benefits. It might be that the lighter stocking will give more of a cushion before a tank reaches a tipping point.
A third thing might be to rethink the use of the several chemicals you mention. I understand the need for prime, but am not familiar with the others as I do not use them.
Good luck