27"Goliath

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I'm going to play the devil's advocate: many people come down harsh on people with tanks "too small" for the specie. Try to listen to my reasoning, I'm going to start with the salmonidae group for example first:

rainbow trouts caught in small streams stay small, about 6" and will mature around 10" and breed with adult sized eggs, they are the same species as the ones that go into the lakes and oceans and become steel heads, just with less eggs. In every sense they're just as healthy, just due to the less food and they are "dwarfed" they've actually been documented that they will breed with big fish that return from the lakes and ocean, as the "sneaky" males. The ones that go into the lakes and oceans reach nearly 30-40"

Tanganyika cichlids, of the Lamproglogeans are the same, some will actually purposely stay dwarfed to avoid competition with other larger males, but still be able to sneak and breed with larger females, undetected.

How about humans, in the United States, we are use to larger cars, larger homes with yards, larger portions of food, and typically we grow larger, but there are people who live all their lives in small apartments the size of our walk in closets, that can reach sexual maturity and grow healthy as well. Even if you were locked in a 10x10 room, it would not stunt your grow. How about if you kept a human in a 8x8 room, just enough to stand and turn, would that make you stunted? Probably not right?

Most fish kept in Japan, Hong Kong are all in smaller tanks due to the lack of land space. However they've bred more species than most people in the US have. In fact they've bred hydrocynus vittatus in a fish tank back in 1980s, it wasn't that big of a tank either.

I think you make a very valid point, also possibly another reason why it's basically impossible for us to get Armatus much past 24", Goliaths past 36", and vittatus much past 24" as well. The same pretty much goes for every other characin as well now that I think about it. Tarpon (yes, I'm aware not a characin), Hoplias, Dorado, they all seem to not be capable of reaching their adult sizes in the home aquarium setting.

For the most part however I'm going to go out on a limb here and say that many here that recommend the larger tanks are far too used to seeing the bigger cats that seem to NOT be affected by their enclosure in terms of their growth. RTCs, TSNs, Channel cats, and Pangasius are just some that we all so commonly see stuffed in a much smaller aquarium only to see the fish continue to grow or end up stunted from the terrible water quality.

ETA: Also, I just want to make it very clear that many here that suggest larger tanks for these larger characins, and come down hard on those with smaller tanks do so simply as looking out for these awesome fish. Many that throw in their two cents have a vast amount of experience working with and keeping these guys for quite some time and know what these fish need ultimately to live as comfortable of a life as we can provide in a home aquarium.

Certainly you can go out and get a VATF, GATF, or Armatus and stuff it in a 180 and while yes, it probably could live in that space it all comes down to offering up something that might be comfortable for the fish. Simply due to the size none of these fish would truly be comfortable as at close to max size they would either be touching both sides of the tank in an attempt to turn or would have to bend a bit to execute the turn.
 
What is the feeding schedule for them? loach
Do you feed live only? yes
What type of filtration are you using?
How often do you water change? about one month
How old are all the fish? about 3~5 year(gatf/armatus)
Only live feeding and once a month water changes wow.
 
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