So much misinformation in this thread already, where to begin...
If you are doing 50% water changes daily, Stop. The tank is never going to cycle doing that much volume on a new tank especially with a single baby RTC in it.
If you were thinking about doing a 70% water change at any point excluding absolute desperation due to filter dying while out of town or something being spilled in the tank, Stop. There is no need for this much volume and it will likely cause huge pH and temperature swings during the process which can be very detrimental to the fish. Most people recommend 50% as the max and I'd say after the tank is established you could do them weekly safely but also probably fine every other week depending on the bio-load in the tank (volume of fish relative to gallons of water) and feeding schedule.
It doesn't take weeks to cycle a tank, without any existing filter media or water if can be done in a week, or less if you're using some filter media/water/substrate from an already running tank.
If you bought a RTC and only have a 55 gallon tank, you have made a mistake. That fish can grow from 2" to 7" in a single month easily if given the proper amount of food, in 2 months it could literally be 10-12" and already have outgrown the 55g. Your construction of an outdoor pond will not matter unless you live in a tropical climate or very deep south with additional heat if in the US. You need sustained water temperatures no lower than 72 to keep it alive, it might survive short periods under that but generally 72-86 is good 76-82 is ideal.
Most catfish can live a while without eating, I've seen some go on 1-2 month hunger strikes where they will not feed at all. Not catfish but another example my South American Lungfish went on a close to 3 month hunger strike without any negative effect or visual change.
The Hikari sinking carnivore pellets are to big for a 3" RTC to eat with crushing them up some, it will probably readily feed on those at 6"+ however. Feed in small increments and as mentioned remove any uneaten food because it will quickly contaminate your water. I would feed daily at this size and when larger like 12"+ switch to every other day or every couple days. Most larger SA cats don't need daily meals and I've had great success feeding further apart on a dozen different species.
Prime was a good recommendation in the appropriate dosage, it is very concentrated so be aware of that when treating the tank. Usually one cap full treats a 55g if memory serves. Also a good water test kit like the API mentioned is a small investment to track your chemicals and keep everything in check.
Start planning more realistically on a future home for the RTC immediately, whether it's buying/building a MUCH larger tank starting now, giving it back to the shop if they'll take it later on, donating to another member with proper housing space, or donating to your local aquarium. You've bought one of the fastest growing catfish species there is and it will need room to grow.