I hardly worry about the effects of concrete cinder blocks. My whole 10,000 gallon pond is made from 10 yards of concrete. It is 10 years old. My koi are 2 feet plus long and there are 60 of them in there all year round.
The texture of blocks can be very rough so depending on your fish, this can be another worry. I have seen lots of damaged eyes and scrapped sides on flighty fish or fish which like to `flick` on things.
Concrete mix has differences to cinder/cement blocks. Block manufacturers are free to employ additional "ädditives" as binders/strengtheners to their admixture. And, they're not required to list which additives have been used.