I bought a single marble crayfish last summer, and now my tank is being overrun with crayfish. The only thing special I did was ignore her for months, as I thought she had escaped (and I was super pregnant with twins). One day, I saw TONS of tiny little crayfish.
They reproduce via apomictic parthenogenesis, which means they produce eggs by mitosis instead of meiosis (Like aphids), and all progeny have a full chromosome set identical to the mother's.