Here's alink that may help a little:
http://www.instructables.com/id/SG1LLI4FE6F2AKU/
I found that zeolite can be used as a substitute for carbon. Found this info on wikipedia.
"Zeolites are marketed by pet stores for use as a filter additive in
aquariums. In aquariums, zeolites can be used to absorb
ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds. However, due to the high affinity of some zeolites for calcium, they may be less effective in hard water and may deplete calcium. Zeolite filtration is used in some marine aquaria to keep nutrient concentrations low for the benefit of corals adapted to nutrient-depleted waters.
Where and how the zeolite was formed is an important consideration for
aquariums. Northern hemisphere natural zeolites were formed when molten lava came in contact with sea water, thereby 'loading' the zeolite with Na (sodium) sacrificial ions. These sodium ions will speciate with other ions in solution, thus the takeup of nitrogen in ammonia, with the release of the sodium. In southern hemisphere zeolites, such as found in Australia, which were formed with fresh water, thus the calcium uptake on formation.
Zeolite is an effective ammonia filter, but must be used with some care, especially with delicate tropical corals which are sensitive to water chemistry and temperature."