Lota lota:
Description: An ugly, eel-like freshwater cod of deep waters and nightmares
Length
typically 15"-22"
can reach 46"
Weight
typically 1-3 lbs
can weigh over 12 lbs
Coloration
back and sides dark olive or brown with dark mottlings; adults may be dark brown or black
belly white, cream, or pale yellow
fins similar in color to adjacent body parts
Body
slender, elongated, and cylindrical
smooth skinned and slimy, with minute scales
dorsal fin divided
short first dorsal lobe of 8-16 soft rays
long, low, second lobe of 61-81 rays.
anal fin of 52-76 fin rays; nearly as long as second dorsal fin
pelvic fins of 5-8 rays in the throat area slightly ahead of pectoral fins
tail fin rounded, separated from both dorsal and anal fins
scales present, but so small as to be nearly invisible, except on large adults
Head
wide, flattened head
small eyes
single large barbel on chin
barbel-like tube from each nostril
Lifespan 10-15 years
Identification: Unlike anything else in North Country waters. Distinguished by:
short forward dorsal fin paired with long rearward dorsal fin
long anal fin, nearly equal to the second dorsal fin in length
wide, flat head
single chin barbel
Distribution: Cold fresh waters of North America, from the Arctic Ocean to the northern US; also continental Eurasia
The only exclusively freshwater codfish
Habitat: Deep, cold waters of lakes and rivers. Prefers to be near the bottom in areas of low light intensity (usually in the deepest water available).
Also inhabits areas with aquatic vegetation, rock piles, submerged logs, and other underwater structures.
Migrates late winter and early spring, after spawning, from lakes to tributary rivers.
Foods: A rather reclusive fish, hiding about underwater structure during the daytime and foraging actively at night over the bottom.
Predominantly predators, eating small fish, aquatic insects, and even small rodents.
Adults over 20" or so feed almost entirely on other fishes during the summer, when in deeper water, and on invertebrates in the winter.
Consume mainly mayfly nymphs and other insects while young, shifting to a diet of fish and crayfish as adults.
Voracious appetite and indiscriminate eating habits. Stomachs have been found to contain small stones, wood chips, and plastic as well as the more typical fare of crustaceans, fish, and insects.