Number one cause is definitely jumping out. Shown below was my RTG haha. Jumped into my overflow box overnight. I’ve seen many threads online where by arowanas passed on by jumping out of the aquarium. That’s why they’re known as water monkeys.
to prevent this just remember to always have right and heavy lids to prevent them from jumping out.
Another thing to avoid is to feed feeder fish, especially goldfish. Not only do feeder fish contain thiamese (idk how to spell), which can cause many diseases like fatty liver, but can also contain many bacteria and parasites. This increases the chances of your arowana succumbing to the diseases and dying. If you want, quarantine them feeder fish or buy from a reputable seller.