Twisted Penguin... your
G. altifrons has an abdominal spot that is 2-3 scales in size and often not expressed (as in your picture), your fish also has no facial markings, where the fish in the original post clearly has a pre-opercular mark (gill plate). Very easy to distinguish by those traits.
abarilot... They can be distinguished from all
Geophagus other than proximus, dicrozoster and winemilleri by their pre-opercular mark,
G. dicrozosters Y band through the abominal spot distinguishes them,
G. proximus has a large squared abdominal spot where
G. brachybranchus has a rounder one (can appear tear shaped), and
G. winemilleri has a striped tail not spotted like
G. brachybranchus. Though technically one of the paratypes for winemilleri has a spotted tial (??) and there also seems to be some
G. cf.
proximus with a normal spot (mostly in Europe), but generally those are the differences.
The description of
G. brachybranchus by Kullander (pg 48-56) can be read here...
http://books.google.com/books?id=tO...3MifAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1
The pre-opercular spot is discussed on page 49 (second paragraph) and you can
faintly see it in the image of the holotype.
Ed