There is no one correct answer, although it will fall somewhere between two extremes.
Zero gph will cause death in the tank unless you are engaging in gigantic water changes with limited time between each. A turnover rate of 200x per hour will cause death. The 'perfect' gph will depend on other variables related to amount and type of filtration, type of decor, size of the tank, type of fish, amount and type of food, amount and frequency of water changes, pH, temperature, etc.
The water has to be maintained below a certain level of ammonia (NH3) with a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen. Tank owners have a preference for a certain visible level of water clarity as well. The correct gph will achieve those results within the constraints of the other variables.