I had a Frontosa quite a while ago, he was one of my favorite fish ever. Sounds like you will have quite a cool setup.
A major benefit of a central sump is you will have one filter to clean and maintain instead of a dozen canisters. That has got to make things easier. I think an efficient easy to clean sump design will make a huge difference in your success! I would try to design a large sump in which I could change a majority of the entire systems water at the one central sump instead of a half dozen different tanks. Likewise a single mechanical media will be a lot quicker to maintain than a half dozen, one for each tank. I like your idea of sponge filters as a backup.
I think your fish room layout is going to dictate a lot of the design choices on your central sump. Off the bat you can choose a single large return pump with a manifold and balancing valves to distribute return water... or you could opt for a return pump for every tank. If it were me I would seriously consider a single big return pump pushing water through a fair sized pool DE filter then probably the manifold with balancing valves... but this is just because I have a "thing" for DE filters. One return pump per tank would probably be easier to engineer, maintain and be considerably less troublesome in the long run.
With a year of experience you mioght/minght not have discovered that there is no short cut to cycling tanks. It take a while for all the different bacterial colonies to build up on all the water exposed surfaces on a tank. I could see how a central sump might reduce cycling times... but I have no experience with a central sump myself.
My biggest recommendation would be to build your system slowly, one tank at a time. It is much easier to attend to a single tank that has gone awry than it is to attend to several tanks that are all cycling at the same time and all decide to take a dump at the same time. When you setup your second tank I think you will find you have doubled the complexity of your system and doubled the time it takes to maintain them. It is going to take a while to figure out how to plan the maintenance on two tanks to minimize the maintenance time... and to figure out what works and what doesn't work when you have multiple tanks.