I regularly put a couple of thousand live tilapia feeders in my datnoid tank. The day they go in, they swim together in swarms, flowing in unison. Looks terrific. The next day, all that has changed, and there are a coupe of thousand (less a few hundred) all out for themselves. They have learnt. Whether chemical signals or not, they know. (And tilapia ain't stupid.)
But...if you threw a couple thousand Tilapia...or, for that, matter, Fatheads...into that big tank
without any Datnoids or other predators...they'd do pretty much the same thing. They'd school tightly for a day or two, then relax and split up. Even swimming independently, the confines of an aquarium would keep them in close enough contact that they would be comfortable.
Fatheads may very well be the dumbest fish we keep...and Tilapia and other cichlids among the smartest. But the difference is still, relatively speaking, pretty small. They are fish; none of them are going to win scholarships to Harvard.
Say you toss a few feeders in a predator tank. A bunch get eaten immediately, while they are still zipping cluelessly around. The ones who survive a bit longer get to know the tank, start to relax, and no longer give off that "OHMYGODIAMLOSTANDCONFUSEDEATME!EATME!EATME!!" vibe; it takes a big more effort to catch and eat them. And then there's that one or two feeders that win the lottery and last long enough to know where to hide, who to avoid, and perhaps even how to recognize the "predator vibe" that identifies somebody who is seriously on the prowl for a meal. They will die last because they take the most effort and determination to catch...but, again, it's an aquarium and there is no way for them to get more than a couple feet away from all those mouths...it's only a matter of time.
A predator inevitably loses contest after contest with its prey before winning one and enjoying a meal. Prey only gets to lose once, and it is permanent. That's why you buy them by the thousand.
