May I suggest that you consider the following, and do one of the two things immediately:
1) Purchase PURIGEN. It is a very, very effective filtration media that is reusable. It will have immediate positive effects on your situation.
2) Implement a plant component to your set-up, even if it is temporary. The plants will help both short term and long term. There are many threads and posts about their use.
If you do nothing else, buy the Purigen and use it while you sort out your filter and water issues. Consider it a lifejacket of sorts till you identify and correct your issues.
Respectfully,
FireMedic.