Ice.......
- Thread starter bigspizz
- Start date
heh, just found this too 
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question205.htm
http://www.instructables.com/id/make-crystal-clear-ice!/
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question205.htm
http://www.instructables.com/id/make-crystal-clear-ice!/
bigspizz;2129589; said:
The water guy that was just at my house a couple weeks ago explained that with impurities.. The ice is cloudy... Or looks not clear.. With little bubbles and what have you.. He said "With RO ice.. You will have crystal clear due to the impurities are removed '
You should boil some water and then freeze it Spizz!!
an embolism is whenever dissolved gas leaves it's dissolved form due to some event. As a diver, the first thing I learned was of the bends. When you surface too quickly, dissolved nitrogen in your blood will turn into bubbles, and then can cause serious problems (block blood flow, mess up joints, etc)
That is "AGE" Arterial gas embolism..I think....Take a look a this....(this thread will help many )
http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC175E/AC175E04.htm
)http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC175E/AC175E04.htm
4.7 Oxygen relations of fishes:
Ambient oxygen acts as a limiting factor of metabolism and growth. Therefore while often oxygen level in the water body may be quite above the lethal point oxygen might be restricting (limiting) activity and growth.
With increase in level of ambient oxygen, metabolism increases up to a point (dependent zone) and beyond the critical point metabolism and growth are independent of oxygen - this relation will be evident only when maximal metabolism (active) is measured. When oxygen level is reduced to a point which can sustain only the basal requirement of the fish, it cannot afford any further physical activity at the specific oxygen concentration - hence referred to as the level of no excess activity by Fry (1947, 1971). Still below this level oxygen becomes inadequate and the fish dies due to asphyxiation (lethal or asphyxial level of oxygen) (Fig. 9.9). DO effect on growth is shown in Fig. 9.10.
Both the critical (limiting) level and the lethal level of oxygen vary markedly with fish species. Swimming activity and therefore migration of fishes and even feeding activity is restricted by critical oxygen concentrations. Salmonids (salmon and rainbow trout) stop swimming below 2 – 5 ppm oxygen, but salmonids tilapia and carps swim at O2 level of 1 – 2 ppm ( (Kutty 1968; Kutty & Saunders, 1972). Generally tropical fishes have a high tolerance to low oxygen. Fishes which live in cold waters such as salmonids have a high lethal level of oxygen, but tropical fishes such as tilapias and carps tolerate oxygen levels even less than 1 ppm - these tolerance levels would change with temperature. There are some cases where fishes are known to survive in complete absence of oxygen. Blazka (1958) describes the crucian carp which survives under anoxic conditions in low temperature and coulter records, certain cichlid fishes in deep African lake waters where oxygen content is nil or negligible. Many fishes such as carps have capacity to extract oxygen even at very low ambient oxygen levels.
Oxygen supersaturation also causes problems for fish culturists. When oxygen levels go higher than saturation level, gas embolism or trapping of gas bubble in the higher stream takes place, causing death. It is said that minute particles of oxygen released by phytoplankton rather than the larger bubbles released by macrophytes cause more serious problem to fishes. The values of DO increase of oxygen solubility with depth of water (Table 9.II) are thus useful for references.
Oxygen becomes in some cases lethal, when too high, and acts as a depressant of metabolism. It is said that oxygen excess inhibits the activity of the respiratory enzyme, “succinic dehydrogenase”.
Fig. 9.8. Vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen and temperature at different times of day in pond 9 (fertilized, plankton development at peak) at Aluu (From Ali, 1986)
Fig. 9.9. Influence of ambient oxygen on metabolism of fish.
The cross indicates the critical oxygen concentration below which the motabolism and growth of fish will be limited by the level of oxygen in water.
Fig. 9.10. Influence of ambient oxygen on the growth of
1) Micropterus Halmcides
2) Cyprimus carpio and
3) Oncorhynaus kisutch
(After Brett, 1979)
Dissolved oxygen requirements of fishes have been reviewed and described elaborately by Doudoroff and Shumway (FAO Bulletin). We shall have occasion to refer to this again under “Species selection”.
