If you haven't already, the first thing I'd do is test your water quality to make sure that's not the issue with him in a small tank/small water changes, considering that fast breathing can be an ammonia/nitrite issue. If you took the filter (or some media for the filter) from an established tank, water changes won't bother the beneficial bacteria, which are attached to surfaces like media, substrate, etc. Another basic is whether there's enough aeration-- not trying to insult you, I'm just trying to cover the bases. I'd also feed lightly while in quarantine. How big is he?