what I do know you can go by is or the most reliable, males do not get spangled or colored cheeks. that's a female thing. male will get the blue lips but not cheeks. males will be taller thicker and just plain bigger, males will show more body color than a female. he will lose most his banding as a female will not. male will be more aggressive to large fish in the tank long as female present, female will be more aggressive to smaller or = size fish in the tank, long as a male present. males alone are pretty passive, females alone are pretty active. males will hide in a cave more than a female.