No, but there are some marginals that resemble Bamboo, even if slightly so - such as giant reed, giant papyrus, (Juncus, Cyperus) and so on, but they can't be grown from the bottom of the tank up, they need just their roots in water, and a few inches, if any, of the stems in water.
I'm afraid to say, then, that I don't think there's anything that would work the way you seem to want it to. There are some guys that are putting dead, dry Bamboo (True Bamboo - Phyllostachys sp) in their tanks - but I don't know how this would affect water quality.