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Continental United States
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The
continental United States is a term referring to the
United States situated on the
North American continent. Depending on usage, it can mean either:
The first definition is more traditional, dating back to before Alaskan statehood, and is the more commonly used definition. The second definition is the technically correct definition because Alaska is also in North America, northwest of
Canada. In both senses,
Hawaii an archipelago southwest of North America in the
Pacific Ocean is excluded.
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[edit] Similar terms
To avoid confusion, people often use the term
continental United States when including
Alaska, and one of the following when excluding Alaska, i.e., referring to only those 48 states situated in central North America:
- contiguous United States
- conterminous states
- lower 48 states
- CONUS (a military abbreviation)
The term
"the lower 48 (states)" arose before
Hawaii became a state, and is no longer accurate since Hawaii is the southernmost U.S. state. If interpreted literally, the term would refer to all states except
Alaska and
Minnesota, the two northernmost states. Regardless, "the lower 48" is understood to mean the contiguous U.S.
in toto, excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Although the
District of Columbia is not a state, it is considered correct to count it as part of the
continental United States or
contiguous United States, as long as "United States" is capitalized, because it is an official part of the country named "
the United States".
[edit] Use in Alaska and Hawaii
Some places, because of their own location relative to the contiguous United States, have their own unique labels for it:
- In Hawaii and overseas American territories, the term "the Mainland" or "U.S. Mainland" is used to refer to the continental United States (either including or excluding Alaska).
- In Alaska, the term "lower 48" often used to refer to the contiguous states. However, "continental United States" is almost never used when referring to just the contiguous states, since Alaskans consider it a slight to excluded them from the continent. Long-time residents often simply call this area "Outside", as in "My brother went Outside to have heart surgery".
[edit] Use in federal law
As the language of the
Alaska Omnibus Act of 1959 makes apparent, the term was in use in U.S. federal law prior to then. It presumably dates from after the acquisition of Alaska in 1867, and probably from after the
Spanish-American War and the annexation of
Hawaii brought the United States its first off-continent possessions, both in 1898. Whatever else these terms may be, "continental United States" is a term defined in various federal
laws, in different ways in different time periods; it is also defined in different ways at the same time, depending on whether or not the context was the
U.S. Internal Revenue Service, during at least a period that began with Alaska statehood.
[edit] See also