For the carbon just fill a media bag full of it, close it tightly, and place it very near the filter input or output. Along with water changes this will remove the color.
I usually spray bogwood with a strong stream of water until the surface has washed off a little. Then I soak it in a plastic bin of water for 3 days or more, changing the water 4x a day. Usually this makes the wood sink and quit leaching too much.
But in the tank it will still require extra water changes for a while. After a few days in the tank it should be OK, but some pieces release much more than others. I had one piece that I soaked for 10 days before it would sink, though tannins were quite weak after just 3 days.
It's pretty much been said, but change the water a few times. Activated carbon helps alot.
Purigen works well, but my experience has been it will exhaust itself quickly and need to be recharged. It is
Activated carbon, water changes, and patience will work best.
To answer your question about using an internal power filter and filling it with carbon, that should work just fine. Usually these type of internal power filters are pretty small and don't offer a lot of room for any type of media but it might work depending on the size. You may have to put the carbon in a fine mesh media bag to avoid it damaging the impeller of the filter though.
Your easiest option though would be to use carbon or even Purigen in a media bag in your canister filter though you would have to remove enough existing media to fit it in.
I agree with this, if your water have strong buffering capacity (AKA alkalinity) pH will not move because the calcium will neutralize the acids.
If your water is soft, with low buffers, this could create pH drop.


Just place it in an area of high flow. It will take slightly longer but there's no real need to put it in the canister.
Can you hang it from the canister output with some kind of string? But yeah anywhere in the water and it will eventually remove the color.