Neural crest cells appear to be involved in the process. Another recent article along the same lines, involving raccoons.
City-dwelling raccoons seem to be evolving a shorter snout—a telltale feature of our pets and other domesticated animals
www.scientificamerican.com
Looks like I'm a day or 2 late to the conversation, but some interesting reads. I'm a dog person myself, but married a cat person. I don't mind cats, just wouldn't take on the effort of keeping one inside if it were up to me. But just as I take on all the work of the fish tank and expect nothing of my wife in it's maintenance or care, she takes on the work of the cat, feeding, litterbox duty, vet visits, etc and as such Im fine with having one inside and will scratch its head a couple times a day. Back to the point of the articles, I find it particularly interesting they mentioned the dampened fear response as a result of the neural crest mutation. We recently experienced just this.
Our previous feline roommates pass 2 years ago and 1 year ago respectively, and we were catless for a period. Where we live in a small subdivision a mile outside a small city, our backyard ends in a treeline that has farmland beyond. There are several small farms and many fields nearby. We have half a dozen different cat visitors from time to time, along with the occasional raccoon, deer, possum etc. and my wife sometimes puts some food out back for the cats. It's hard to tell if they are strays, abandoned pets, or farm cats that include us in their territory, but I wouldn't exactly call them feral. We've talked about another indoor cat for a bit and the kids have been asking, and low and behold one of these backyard cats began visiting every day, sleeping on our patio and even approaching us when we are outside. Over the course of a few weeks we began petting her, interacting more and more, and she became a regular presence. She was so tame she let my wife pick her up, put her in a cat carrier, and drive her to the vet, where she got vaccines, ear drops, flea meds, etc and now lives inside with us. She also had no collar/tag, no chip, or any indication she was someones pet, and my wife posted her picture on a found cats page on our local community FB group. The vet estimated she's only a couple years old, not sure how they do this without counting the rings inside, but she showed signs of having kittens in the past few months. She's scheduled for a spay in a couple weeks, and has taken to indoor living quite quickly.
There also has been a very young cat coming around outside that we think is one of her kittens. So of course it was only a few days later the wife and kids decided we should save her kitten too. The kitten would not approach us and was very skittish to any movement. We set a live trap, caught it and took it to the vet. It would not be handled, actually climbed the walls of the little exam room, and was labeled as too feral to examine. The kitten has grown into a half cat now and still lives outside but visits nearly everyday. We put out a little food for it, and have a blanket on the patio chair for it to sleep on, but will likely never trust us enough nor will I trust it enough to be an inside pet.
I realize true domestication and evolutionary changes to skeletal structure etc take generations, and this is only 1 small experience, but it's a great example of how the effects of those changes can result in very different outcomes. It not only takes some level of trust, or lack of fear on our side, but on the animals side as well.