Carnivorous fish use protein and fat efficiently, but not carbohydrates because they lack the enzymes needed to digest this material (HIDALGO et al., 1999). Despite evidence that intestinal bacteria of oscars can digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats (RAMIREZ; DIXON, 2003), the present study indicates that nutrient use by juvenile oscars is similar to that of carnivorous fish. Other cichlids such as the Nile tilapia also do not use dietary carbohydrates efficiently (SHIAU, 2002).
A study on the digestive enzymes of 11 teleost fish showed that these enzymes are not related to type of diet or fish feeding behavior (CHAKRABARTI et al., 1995). According to the authors, fish can occupy more than one ecological niche because most of the species are opportunistic. Moreover, the food source varies according to its availability in the environment. The feeding habits of oscars range from omnivorous to carnivorous and their ecological niche is still a matter of discussion (SILVA, 2005). Considering that fish are opportunistic and that in the Amazon basin (the natural habitat of oscars) food availability varies greatly throughout the year, evaluation of stomach contents can provide misleading results on its feeding behavior. Therefore, this can be better assessed by investigating the digestive strategy for nutrient utilization (CHAKRABARTI et al., 1995).